Organization Of The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The three principal components that make up the circulatory system are…

Answer 1

… the heart
the blood vessels
the blood itself

Question 2

Who put forward the closed loop network of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

British physiologist William Harvey in 1628

Question 3

How many circuits originate and terminate in the heart?

Answer 3

2 - Systemic and Pulmonary

Question 4

Each (saggital) half of the heart contains…

Answer 4

two chambers:

- an upper chamber - the atrium
- a lower chamber - the ventricle.

Question 5

There is no direct blood flow between the two atria or the two ventricles in the adult heart. True or false?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Which chambers are involved in pulmonary circulation?

Answer 6

Right atrium, Right ventricle

Question 7

Which chambers are involved in systemic circulation?

Answer 7

Left atrium, Left ventricle

Question 8

Direction of blood flow for systemic circulation

Answer 8

Left Ventricle
Aorta
Arteries
Micro circulation
Veins
IVC and SVC
Right Atrium

Question 9

Direction of blood flow for pulmonary circulation

Answer 9

Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries (2, one for each lung)
Lung
Capillaries
Venues
Pulmonary Veins (4)
Left Atrium

Question 10

All the blood pumped by the right side of the heart is received by…

Answer 10

…the lungs

Question 11

Where do we have the portal system of circulation?

Answer 11

Liver, Kidneys, Pituitary

Question 12

Explain the portal system of circulation

Answer 12

Blood passes through two capillary beds, arranged in series, before returning to the heart.

Question 13

The walls of the heart composed of

Answer 13

Myocardium

Question 14

The heart is enclosed in…

Answer 14

…a fibrous sac of pericardium, then a fibrous membrane of epicardium

Question 15

The space between pericardium and epicardium is filled by…

Answer 15

…a lubricant fluid called pericardial fluid

Question 16

The inner surface of the heart is lined by…

Answer 16

…endothelial cells or endothelium called endocardium

Question 17

The right atrium and right ventricle are separated by…

Answer 17

…tricuspid valve

Question 18

The left atrium and right ventricle are separated by…

Answer 18

…bicuspid/mitral valve

Question 19

How do the heart’s valves work?

Answer 19

All valves act passively: guided by pressure difference, offers no resistance to flow

Question 20

The pericardium does not constitute the heart muscle. True or false?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

How many chambers is the heart composed of?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

The two atria and two ventricles are separated by

Answer 22

Atrioventrucular valves

Question 23

The atrioventricular valves on the right are called…

Answer 23

Triscuspid

Question 24

The atrioventricular valves on the left are called…

Answer 24

Bicuspid or mitral valves

Question 25

Atrioventricular flow is unidirectional. True or false?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

In what direction does blood flow in the heart?

Answer 26

From the right atrium to the right ventricle from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Question 27

How is atrioventricular flow made unidirectional in the heart?

Answer 27

Chordae tendinae fastens the valves to papillary muscles to prevent backflow (prolapse). - RV:Pulmonary valve; LV: Aortic valve

Question 28

The pulmonary and aortic valves are referred to as

Answer 28

Semilunar valves

Question 29

What facilitates the opening of semilunar valves?

Answer 29

All valves act passively: guided by pressure difference, offers no resistance to flow

Question 30

What separates the lower chambers of the heart? What is its function

Answer 30

Interventricular septum. It prevents impulses from traveling between both chambers.