Regeneratuon - All Case Studies

Question 1

Hebden bridge changes to function

Answer 1

Hunting ground, then Milltown, now tourism

Question 2

Hebden bridge changes to demographic characteristics

Answer 2

Past: mostly young working class white
Depopulation happened
Now: ‘lesbian capital of uk’, mostly white high income professionals, very few aged 20-30

Question 3

Reasons for changes in Hebden bridge

Answer 3

Fast flowing streams for Milltown
Deindustrialised due to global shift
Low cost of living caused ‘hippies’
Unique identity and improvements in connectivity cause tourism

Question 4

Hebden bridge regional and national influences

Answer 4

Construction of Trainline and nearby airport, migration of ‘hippies’

Question 5

Hebden bridge international and global influences

Answer 5

‘hippy’ movement from America, global shift

Question 6

Canary wharf changes to function

Answer 6

Agriculture, then dockland, then deindustrialised, now financial centre

Question 7

Canary wharf changes to demographic characteristics

Answer 7

Past: mostly low income people
Now: mostly young professionals with high income, high migrant population, more males than females

Question 8

Canary wharf reasons for changes

Answer 8

Deindustrialisation due to bigger boats and global shift, LDDC regenerated by setting up enterprise zone and improving connectivity (extended underground)

Question 9

Canary wharf regional and national influences

Answer 9

Government funding for LDDC and improvements in connectivity

Question 10

Canary wharf international and global

Answer 10

Lots of international migrants, global shift, FDI from TNCs set up

Question 11

Example of a successful place: sydney
Pros and cons

Answer 11

High average salary and economically active population (average age 36), high number of jobs in quaternary sector, 30% are migrants
Problems: high living cost and house prices, lack of public transport causes congestion and poor air quality

Question 12

Example of a successful place: york

Answer 12

Best place to live in UK in 2018 due to 2 universities, 7 million visitors per year, festivals, architecture

Question 13

Example of a place in decline: rust belt - Youngstown

Answer 13

Rust belt was worlds largest producer of metals and coals but deindustrialised due to global shift
Youngstown - city in Ohio on rustbelt, population has declined by 60%, 40% in poverty

Question 14

Example of a place in decline: Middlesbrough

Answer 14

Was heart of Britain’s industry, but deindustrialised
Ranks 3rd in UK for levels of crime and antisocial behaviour, high unemployment rates, ninth highest suicide rate in uk

Question 15

Example of conflict among groups with contesting views about priorities and strategies for regeneration: lower falinge flats

Answer 15

Local council wanting to demolish it and rebuild
Some locals agree as it has high crime rates and encourages antisocial behaviour
Others believe it should be regenerated without demolition - unfair to force vulnerable low income residents to leave

Question 16

How presentations of a local place could influence the perceived need for regeneration

Answer 16

Hebden bridge sometimes portrayed as tourist town with creative and unique culture
Other times portrayed as a bad place to live due to substance abuse problems, second home ownership problems

Question 17

Example of infrastructure investment: HS2

Answer 17

High speed railway from London to Birmingham and then northern cities
Pros: aims to reduce north south divide, shorter journey times
Cons: 108 ancient woodlands destroyed, cost £108 billion

Question 18

Example of infrastructure investment: Heathrow airport expansion

Answer 18

Aim to add a third runway
Pros: create up to 77,000 jobs, take 130 million extra passengers each year
Cons: increase UK green house gas emissions, has been made illegal due to environmental impacts

Question 19

Example of infrastructure investment: Hinckley point c

Answer 19

New nuclear power station
Pros: will generate 7% of UK’s energy supply
Cons: cost £500 million more than previously thought

Question 20

Example of sympathetic business environment: Cambridge science park

Answer 20

Covered car parks with trees and shrubs, grassy areas and natural habitats have been created to make it more attractive
£37 billion revenue each year
Close links with Cambridge university

Question 21

Example of a sympathetic business environment: Kingsway business park

Answer 21

160,000 people in surrounding area, 28% of UK population within 2 hour drive
Amazon, Asda, Weir, JD set up there

Question 22

Example of rural rebranding: cornwall

Answer 22

Rebranding through encouraging farm diversification, ‘foodie’ restaurants, creating gardens (e.g eden project), setting up outdoor pursuits
Local enterprise zone set up to attract investment and create employment opportunities
Problems: encourages the tourism industry which is seasonal and low wage, local enterprise zone has not created new jobs

Question 23

Example of urban rebranding: Glasgow

Answer 23

Deindustrialised as a result of global shift and containerisation
Strategies used: 90 significant green spaces created, BBC Scotland set up on riverside corridor, ‘people make Glasgow’, Celtic connections, 2014 commonwealth games, golden z, new housing estates

Question 24

Example of urban rebranding: Glasgow
Pros and cons

Answer 24

Pros: low unemployment rate, 6th most visited city in UK, ranked top 40 international financial districts
Cons: growing inequality, gentrification, Glasgow effect still present, 1 in 3 children in poverty

Question 25

London olympics economic pros and cons

Answer 25

Pros: improved employment figures by 1.2%, £10 billion worth of economic growth in following 12 months
Cons: demolition of clays lane estate, replaced with unaffordable housing

Question 26

London olympics social pros and cons

Answer 26

Pros: 13000 new homes
Cons: waiting list for council housing in the surrounding area is increasing

Question 27

London olympics environmental pros and cons

Answer 27

Pros: over 1,000 trees planted
Cons: wide empty roads, not as pedestrianised as it should be

Question 28

What is happening on the North Antrim coast

Answer 28

Plans to build a five star hotel and golf course near Giant causeway
Pros: politicians support - create 360 jobs, would be profitable for owner
Cons: plan is unlikely to go ahead, national trust objects as giant causeway is a protected site, other environmental groups object as the golf course environment would be at odds with natural sand dunes and scrub