Regeneratuon - All Case Studies Flashcards
Hebden bridge changes to function
Hunting ground, then Milltown, now tourism
Hebden bridge changes to demographic characteristics
Past: mostly young working class white
Depopulation happened
Now: ‘lesbian capital of uk’, mostly white high income professionals, very few aged 20-30
Reasons for changes in Hebden bridge
Fast flowing streams for Milltown
Deindustrialised due to global shift
Low cost of living caused ‘hippies’
Unique identity and improvements in connectivity cause tourism
Hebden bridge regional and national influences
Construction of Trainline and nearby airport, migration of ‘hippies’
Hebden bridge international and global influences
‘hippy’ movement from America, global shift
Canary wharf changes to function
Agriculture, then dockland, then deindustrialised, now financial centre
Canary wharf changes to demographic characteristics
Past: mostly low income people
Now: mostly young professionals with high income, high migrant population, more males than females
Canary wharf reasons for changes
Deindustrialisation due to bigger boats and global shift, LDDC regenerated by setting up enterprise zone and improving connectivity (extended underground)
Canary wharf regional and national influences
Government funding for LDDC and improvements in connectivity
Canary wharf international and global
Lots of international migrants, global shift, FDI from TNCs set up
Example of a successful place: sydney
Pros and cons
High average salary and economically active population (average age 36), high number of jobs in quaternary sector, 30% are migrants
Problems: high living cost and house prices, lack of public transport causes congestion and poor air quality
Example of a successful place: york
Best place to live in UK in 2018 due to 2 universities, 7 million visitors per year, festivals, architecture
Example of a place in decline: rust belt - Youngstown
Rust belt was worlds largest producer of metals and coals but deindustrialised due to global shift
Youngstown - city in Ohio on rustbelt, population has declined by 60%, 40% in poverty
Example of a place in decline: Middlesbrough
Was heart of Britain’s industry, but deindustrialised
Ranks 3rd in UK for levels of crime and antisocial behaviour, high unemployment rates, ninth highest suicide rate in uk
Example of conflict among groups with contesting views about priorities and strategies for regeneration: lower falinge flats
Local council wanting to demolish it and rebuild
Some locals agree as it has high crime rates and encourages antisocial behaviour
Others believe it should be regenerated without demolition - unfair to force vulnerable low income residents to leave
How presentations of a local place could influence the perceived need for regeneration
Hebden bridge sometimes portrayed as tourist town with creative and unique culture
Other times portrayed as a bad place to live due to substance abuse problems, second home ownership problems
Example of infrastructure investment: HS2
High speed railway from London to Birmingham and then northern cities
Pros: aims to reduce north south divide, shorter journey times
Cons: 108 ancient woodlands destroyed, cost £108 billion
Example of infrastructure investment: Heathrow airport expansion
Aim to add a third runway
Pros: create up to 77,000 jobs, take 130 million extra passengers each year
Cons: increase UK green house gas emissions, has been made illegal due to environmental impacts
Example of infrastructure investment: Hinckley point c
New nuclear power station
Pros: will generate 7% of UK’s energy supply
Cons: cost £500 million more than previously thought
Example of sympathetic business environment: Cambridge science park
Covered car parks with trees and shrubs, grassy areas and natural habitats have been created to make it more attractive
£37 billion revenue each year
Close links with Cambridge university
Example of a sympathetic business environment: Kingsway business park
160,000 people in surrounding area, 28% of UK population within 2 hour drive
Amazon, Asda, Weir, JD set up there
Example of rural rebranding: cornwall
Rebranding through encouraging farm diversification, ‘foodie’ restaurants, creating gardens (e.g eden project), setting up outdoor pursuits
Local enterprise zone set up to attract investment and create employment opportunities
Problems: encourages the tourism industry which is seasonal and low wage, local enterprise zone has not created new jobs
Example of urban rebranding: Glasgow
Deindustrialised as a result of global shift and containerisation
Strategies used: 90 significant green spaces created, BBC Scotland set up on riverside corridor, ‘people make Glasgow’, Celtic connections, 2014 commonwealth games, golden z, new housing estates
Example of urban rebranding: Glasgow
Pros and cons
Pros: low unemployment rate, 6th most visited city in UK, ranked top 40 international financial districts
Cons: growing inequality, gentrification, Glasgow effect still present, 1 in 3 children in poverty
London olympics economic pros and cons
Pros: improved employment figures by 1.2%, £10 billion worth of economic growth in following 12 months
Cons: demolition of clays lane estate, replaced with unaffordable housing
London olympics social pros and cons
Pros: 13000 new homes
Cons: waiting list for council housing in the surrounding area is increasing
London olympics environmental pros and cons
Pros: over 1,000 trees planted
Cons: wide empty roads, not as pedestrianised as it should be
What is happening on the North Antrim coast
Plans to build a five star hotel and golf course near Giant causeway
Pros: politicians support - create 360 jobs, would be profitable for owner
Cons: plan is unlikely to go ahead, national trust objects as giant causeway is a protected site, other environmental groups object as the golf course environment would be at odds with natural sand dunes and scrub
