Globalisation Eq2 Flashcards
Definition of the global shift
The movement of manufacturing from Europe and the USA to Asian countries
Global shift of manufacturing: costs for china
Workers face long hours and repetitive tasks with low pay, unplanned settlements cause disease and loss of farmland
Global shift of manufacturing: china benefits
680 million left poverty since 1980, wages are rising, literacy rate has risen
Global shift of services: India costs
Inequality has increased
Global shift of services: India benefits
Workers earn $10 per day, increased broadband access
Environmental problems in China
Air pollution is linked to 1.2 million premature deaths, overexploitation of land and minerals means China now has to import coal oil and gas
Why has Glasgow deindustrialised
Its main industry used to be ship building, but the global shift of industry and larger ships caused it to deindustrialise
5 problems in Glasgow due to deindustrialisation
• dereliction - 1,000 heactares of unused land
• contamination - river Clyde poses health risk
• unemployment - year 2000 30% unemployment rate
• de population - between 1961 and 1981 one third of population left due to unemployment
• crime - known as ‘murder capital of Europe’
What is natural increase
Population increase caused by a higher birth rate than death rate
What is a global hub city
A city with an unusually high density of transport, business, political or cultural connections to the rest of the world
Social challenges in Dhaka caused by rapid urban growth
Poor infrastructure
Lack of government coordination and involvement
Congestion
40% live in unplanned settlements
400,000 new residents per year
Environmental challenges in Dhaka caused by rapid urban growth
Congestion causes pollution and contamination
Flooding/waterlogging
Fires in unplanned settlements
No green space
Give an example of elite international migrants
Russian billionaires move to London due to education system, safe investment in property, freedoms not available in Russia, job opportunities
Give an example of mass low wage economic migrants
1.5 million migrants from Philippines live in Saudi Arabia
$7 billion is returned to Philippines each year
Give an example of economic migrants in Europe
1 million polish migrants live in UK as incomes are 4 times higher than Poland
Migration benefits for source location
Remittances boost income of families
Less unemployment
Reduced population pressure
Migration benefits for host location
Migrants fill low wage work Counteract aging population Government may gain popularity
Migration costs for source location
Loss of skilled workers
Mass migration can be seen as failure for governing party
Deterioration of built environment
Migration costs for host location
Rising demand for services
Cultural tensions
Overcrowding
What is cultural diffusion
The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group/country to another
How has cultural erosion affected the Korowai tribe in Papua New Guinea
Sugary drinks and alcohol available
No longer wear cultural clothes - wear football shirts and shorts
Introduction of Christianity
Reduced practice of polygamy
Moved into cement villages
How has cultural erosion affected Alaska
500 indigenous languages were spoken before white settlers arrived, now only 80
Positive impact of the spread of western culture
Paralympic games increase awareness and support for people living with disabilities
Improved western medicine
Improved diet in some cases
What opposition is there to globalisation
- rise of nationalism
- censorship of information
- campaigns for rights of indigenous communities
- environmental activism
