Regeneration Eq3 Flashcards
Example of infrastructure investment: HS2
High speed railway from London to Birmingham and then northern cities
Pros: reduces north south divide, shorter journey times
Cons: 108 ancient woodlands destroyed, cost £108 billion
Example of infrastructure investment: Heathrow airport expansion
Aim to add a third runway
Pros: create up to 77,000 jobs, take 130 million extra passengers each year
Cons: increase UK greenhouse gas emissions, has been made illegal due to environmental impacts
Example of infrastructure investment: Hinckley point c
New nuclear power station
Pros: will generate 7% of UK’s energy supply
Cons: cost £500 million more than previously thoight
Why are planning laws important
Planning how land in an area is used can improve or completely change the image of existing places
What is planning gain
When development is only allowed to take place if it benefits the local community
What is planning blight
When decision making is slow, so house prices fall, investors don’t commit and landlords don’t maintain property
What is labours approach to housing
Supports social housing
What is conservatives approach to housing
Supports a market led approach, causing over 2 million council homes to be sold from 1980-1995
What is fracking and how is it controversial
Process of obtaining gas from shale rock by hydraulic fracturing
Local and national anti fracking groups have emerged as it can cause mini earthquakes
Arguments for migration
International migration causes increased GDP, immigrants fill skill shortages, makes places with aging populations more sustainable
Government party’s response to immigration
Labour - supports, put in pro immigration policies
Conservative - allowed only the ‘most beneficial’ immigrants to stay in uk, though this has been difficult to achieve
What was the big band 1986
Removed barriers to the UK to encourage European and us banks to open in London
Caused banking, finance, and business to make up 30% of UK’s gdp in 2008
What are capital markets
Deal in shares, bonds, and other long term investments
Sympathetic business environment: Cambridge science park
Covered the car parks with trees and shrubs, grassy areas and natural habitats have been created to make it more attractive
- £37 billion revenue each year, close links to Cambridge uni
Sympathetic business environment: Kingsway business park
160,000 people in surrounding area, 28% of uk population is within a 2 hour drive
- companies such as Amazon, Weir, JD, Asda have set up here
What are chambers of commerce
Network of local businesses who advocate for the business community
What are local interest groups
Play a key role in decision making about regeneration
What are trade unions
A group of employees who join together to maintain and improve their conditions of employment
What are LEPs
Local enterprise partnerships
- locally owned partnership between local authorities and businesses
What is the Rochdale development agency doing
Driving inward investment, economic development and regeneration in rochdale
What is rebranding
The marketing aspect of regeneration designed to attract businesses, residents, and visitors, often includes re imaging
What is re imaging
Making a place more attractive and desirable to invest, live in or visit
What is diversification of farming
Traditional model of farming doesn’t work anymore as supermarkets lower prices, so farmers find new ways to make money
E.g campsites, holiday homes
What is food specialisation
Using food to encourage tourism
What are outdoor pursuits
Sporting events and activities for tourism
