Regeneration EQ3 (4A.3)

Question 1

What ways has the central government tried to address the north-south divide ?

Answer 1

• the uk motorway network built in the 50s attempted to reduce road travel times
• the proposal of HS2 high speed rail to connect northern cities to London
• investment in airports in Manchester, Glasgow and Newcastle

Question 2

what is a quango ?

Answer 2

a quasi autonomous non-governmental organisation. They are organisations that are given the power to do a task that the govt. would usually do and they are funded by the govt. but are independent. Some examples are the forestry council and even the BBC.

Question 3

How do planning policies limit regeneration ?

Answer 3

• greenbelt land cannot be built on to protect the green space
• if the housing is affordable it will be allowed
• you can’t build in national parks

Question 4

What are the arguments against building HS2 ?

Answer 4

• there are more important issue to spend money on
• the rail fare will be to expensive for most people
• people cold be displaced as the rail will go through where they live
• it’s building is disrupting habitats and animals as their environment is being destroyed
• too expensive for private companies to invest in so central govt. needs to pay

Question 5

What are the arguments for building HS2 ?

Answer 5

• free up capacity on the existing network
• it is only 50 minutes so much quicker and it allows people to work whilst travelling
• better connects northern cities To the global hub of London
• reduces car fumes as people will be taking train instead
• less road congestion
• they still gain a profit from the tickets so govt. money isn’t wasted
• balances the UK economy by giving opportunities to northern cities to work in London which is the economic capital

Question 6

What does the housing shortage mean for people up north ?

Answer 6

It is unaffordable for them to move in to houses down south near London as the house prices are too high

Question 7

How might have government policies contributed to the housing crisis ?

Answer 7

• immigration mostly from the EU has contributed to the UK population increasing from 59 million in 2001 to 63 in 2011
• deregulation which means foreign companies buy property and it is unused
• 2nd homes and holiday homes mean houses aren’t used

Question 8

why are science parks so beneficial for local areas ?

Answer 8

It creates an environment that is attractive both for people and for businesses. For example science parks in Durham host 25 different companies in the Quaternary industry and are very desirable locations to live

Question 9

what is the best way to regenerate in the 21st century ?

Answer 9

partnerships between the private and public sector

Question 10

what are some of the key players in regeneration ?

Answer 10

• chambers of commerce as they represent businesses and industry in local areas
• trade unions as they represent workers
• education as they provide skilled workers for modern businesses

Question 11

What is pump priming?

Answer 11

using money from national and local govt. to make an area more desirable for investors

Question 12

what is fracking ?

Answer 12

using water, sand and chemicals to remove gasses from the ground. It is done by drilling a shaft in to the earth and and the fluid is pumped in. The fluid goes in to cracks and frees up gas in the earth which is used.

Question 13

what are the positives of fracking ?

Answer 13

• it is 25% cleaner than coal
• new jobs are created and it is good for local economies
• it is a key efficient energy source

Question 14

what are the negatives of fracking ?

Answer 14

• has caused earthquakes
• methane contaminates local water sources
• traffic due to trucks around the area
• effects vegetation and natural environments

Question 15

how has deregulation effected regeneration ?

Answer 15

it has made it easier for foreign companies to invest in the UK and encourages foreign companies to trade with London. This has regenerated areas such as docklands.

Question 16

how has migration effected regeneration ?

Answer 16

UK borders have been opened to EU countries, This has led to large levels of immigration such as polish who have greatly helped the economy of slough as they bring skilled workers.

Question 17

how has Glasgow used rebranding to regenerate itself ?

Answer 17

It has rebranded itself using the slogan ‘Scotland with style’. It has rebranded in the following ways:

• It was the European capital of culture in 1990 and it has tried to attract tourism through promoting their architecture such as the Titan crane and art galleries such as the Brunell collection
• investment from private property developers
• through media such as BBC scotland’s headquarters relocating there in 2007

Question 18

why is regeneration in the countryside so much harder ?

Answer 18

• they are more economically weak areas
• private investors would rather invest in urban areas
• lack of opportunity

Question 19

how can the countryside be regenerated ?

Answer 19

• transport links to them
• offering place to stay such as B&B’S
• offering plenty to go and see. It is normally more isolated so you need to do more to attract people

Question 20

how has Cornwall regenerated itself ?

Answer 20

• gardens like the lost garden of heligan
• rebranding itself as a ‘foodie’ town
• the Eden project is a clay mine converted in to a botanical garden and attracts 8 million visitors per year
• farm diversification and branding food as ‘Cornish’
• Newquay aerohub to diversify the economy
• the combination of 2 unis creates a student economy

Question 21

how has the Eden project benefited the Cornish community ?

Answer 21

+transformed the landscape from quary to tourist location
+in 1 year it created £1bn and attracted 13 million visitors
+ 650 million employers
+the hostel there allows people to stay there which caters for the isolation of the area

Question 22

how has Newquay aerohub been used to help regenerate Cornwall ?

Answer 22

-it helps to diversify the local industry away from tourism dependency
-it helps train people in to becoming private
piolets
-it has created 450 jobs for locals

Question 23

how has superfast broadband helped Cornwall become more connected ?

Answer 23

• 95% of Cornwall is connected making it the largest fibre network in the UK
• It encourages businesses there due to the better conectedness
• the network cost £132 million to implement

Question 24

how has combined universities helped Cornwall’s development ?

Answer 24

the universities of Falmouth and Exeter merged to create one uni. This has helped to generate a knowledge economy and eliminate the brain drain. The students have also led to a healthy rental economy and thriving evening economy e.g. bars and restaurants.

Question 25

what is a brain drain ?

Answer 25

When well qualified younger people leave an area as they don’t see any opportunities for work where they are.

Question 26

what is a top down management approach ?

Answer 26

it is decisions made by authorities and imposed on the people. This is done strategically but can ignore local knowledge.

Question 27

what is a bottom up management approach ?

Answer 27

listening to local opinion and devising a solution. This means local people are listened to and closely involved however it often relies on volunteers

Question 28

what is a partnership management approach ?

Answer 28

it combines top down and bottom up. This combines the benefits form both of them.

Question 29

what is an example of a bottom up approach to regeneration ?

Answer 29

the CATCH project in Canning town, East London uses community led regeneration and focuses on 3 main areas :

• housing as it will create 10,000 affordable homes by 2020
• employment through job creation and training for local people
• education improvements and in 2015 around 60% in the borough got 5 or more GCSE’s passed (C or above)