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AS Edexcel Geography > Globalisation EQ2 (3.2) > Flashcards

Globalisation EQ2 (3.2) Flashcards

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1
Q

why has there been a global shift to Asia over he past 30 years ?

A
  • there has been a shift of manufacturing jobs to China, Philippines and Bangladesh in particular
  • there has been a large shift of services and administration to India
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2
Q
  • there has been a shift of manufacturing jobs to China, Philippines and Bangladesh in particular
  • there has been a large shift of services and administration to India
A
  • investment in transport and power infrastructure
  • TNC’s invest in training and skills development
  • poverty reduction
  • more taxes are payed increasing govt. spending
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3
Q

what have been some of the environmental issues that China has faced as a result of industrialisation ?

A

what have been some of the environmental issues that China has faced as a result of industrialisation ?

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4
Q

what are the costs of global shift for Asia ?

A
  • urban sprawl
  • unplanned developments
  • pressure on natural resources
  • low wages and long working hours
  • loss of tradition
  • environmental damage e.g air pollution, water pollution,desertification
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5
Q

what are the human consequences of global shift to Asia on developed countries and their cities ?

A
  • increased crime in Detroit due to low unemployment
  • low population due to people moving to find jobs
  • derelict land from old factories in Glasgow
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6
Q

what is a refugee ?

A

someone with a well rounded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality or political opinions

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7
Q

what might be some push and pull factors for rural urban migration ?

A

push: drought, poverty, poor sanitation, lack of jobs, poor/no schooling
pull: no water shortage, good jobs, good healthcare and schooling

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of the mega city Karachi ?

A
  • it is known as the ‘most dangerous megacity’ as it has a murder rate of 12.3 per 100,000
  • Taliban run criminal enterprises
  • from 2000-2010 the city grew by 80%
  • there are however some excellent universities there
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9
Q

what are the social challenges of rapid growth in New Delhi ?

A
  • govt. struggling to provide services and basic needs
  • private buildings target the wealthy and so property is unaffordable
  • unplanned urban growth leads to shanty towns
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10
Q

what are some of the environmental problems of rapid growth in New Delhi ?

A
  • increased population leads to more vehicles and so more pollution
  • air pollution is India’s 5th biggest killer
  • sewage pollution, chemical dumping and factory fuel spillages
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11
Q

what makes a city sustainable ?

A

good governance for example tax collection, enough resources, good education and healthcare to maintain economic growth

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12
Q

what are some of the problems associated with mega cities ?

A
  • hyper urbanisation
  • traffic congestion
  • pollution
  • poverty
  • disease
  • urban sprawl and slum growth
  • pressure on resources
  • excessive waste
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13
Q

what is a global hub ?

A

switched on places with certain qualities that make other places want to connect with them.

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14
Q

what is an example of a global hub ?

A

Panama which has god transport links, a stable economy and is in a free trade zone making it great for investments.

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15
Q

what are the things that make a global hub develop ?

A

natural: coastline, minerals, strategic location
human: large labour force, affluence, skilled labour, good transport links

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16
Q

what different types of migrants might be attracted to global hubs ?

A
  • high-paid workers working for offices and TNC’s
  • low wage workers doing manual labour for the elites such as cleaning, driving, nannies
  • other low skilled jobs such as construction
17
Q

what are the costs and benefits of migration for the source country ?

A

costs:

  • loss of skilled and educated workers
  • families are broken up as the young males tend to leave their family behind
  • mass emigration can be viewed as a failure to provide for people back home

benefits:

  • remittances boost incomes of families
  • could provide links to other countries
  • reductions in pressure of resources
18
Q

what are the costs and benefits of migration for the host country ?

A

costs:

  • higher demand for resources and services
  • cultural tensions could arise
  • more people could mean more housing so green space is lost

benefits:

  • low wages workers may do the jobs that other people don’t want to do e.g cleaner
  • they can counteract an ageing population as they are often young
19
Q

what is cultural diffusion ?

A

the spread of culture from powerful civilisations to other places

20
Q

what is remittances ?

A

The money migrants end home to help their families from the source country

21
Q

what is cultural imperialism ?

A

spreading of culture using force

22
Q

how has western culture spread ?

A
  • migration
  • tourism
  • TNCs spreading their brands
  • media e.g movies
23
Q

what is Americanistion ?

A

the spreading of american culture across the world. This has been done through brands such as McDonald and apple but also through media. America think that imposing their culture on other countries will improve the lives of other countries. There has been backlash to this though in the form of hatred and terrorism from the middle-eastern countries.

24
Q

what are some of the negative impacts that western culture spreading has had ?

A
  • The spread of western diet such as high sugar and fat has increased obesity mostly in Asian cities due to chains such as McDonald’s and KFC
  • more wasteful western attitudes have spread which has increased pollution
25
Q

how have some countries protected their culture from globalisation ?

A
  • France ar protective of their culture and the government is very supportive of french film makers. Under law 40% of TV must be in french.
  • China blocks certain internet sites such as BBC and Facebook. Also it only allows 34 foreign films per year
26
Q

What was the reason for Cuba become more open to the outside world ?

A

Fidel Castro stepping down and his son becoming in charge. This led to less strict communist attitudes including taking out loans and allowing private businesses.

27
Q

how is globalisation diluting Cuba’s culture ?

A

increased beach resorts have changed their coastline and have endangered their coral reefs. This shows how they have embraced the western capitalist model and this has had negative impacts on the environment although it does mean they are now more switched on.

AS Edexcel Geography (14 decks)

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