Regeneration EQ2 (4A.2)

Question 1

where is Berkshire ?

Answer 1

It is in South East England just west of London

Question 2

what is cumulative causation ?

Answer 2

a positive knock on effect

Question 3

what factors make Berkshire such a successful location ?

Answer 3

• very high property prices which have risen up to 50% over the last 10 years
• great connections such as M4 motorway and heathrow airport
• the physical geography of the area is great with wide flat land which is good for building on
• TNC investment in the area such as O2 in Slough and Microsoft in Reading
• very high employment rates with many employed in IT and managerial work (high paid)
• only 0.4% of the areas here are deprived

Question 4

what problem does Berkshire face in the future ?

Answer 4

in the future they will encounter huge skills shortages. By 2020 Berkshire will need 70,000 more employees.

Question 5

how does Berkshire vary in terms of deprivation ?

Answer 5

It has some very deprived areas which are right next to very wealthy areas. The richest part is in the north however right next to the CBD it is very deprived. This is because there could be rich gated comunities right next to sink estates.

Question 6

where is Midlesborough located ?

Answer 6

It is located in North Yorkshire in the North East of England

Question 7

what is a spiral of decline ?

Answer 7

It is when one negative factor leads to another one and an area continues to get worse and worse. It is the opposite to cumulative causation.

Question 8

why does middlesborough need regeneration ?

Answer 8

It needs investment to stop their spiral of decline. For example investment in buildings will create jobs which will stop unemployment which will reduce crime etc.

Question 9

what are some effects that have occurred to rural areas in the UK ?

Answer 9

• falling employment in primary sectors due to mechanisation which is machines doing jobs
• there is a migration of young people out of these areas
• decline in services

Question 10

what is an example of a rural location that has seen populations decline ?

Answer 10

west somerset has seen its population fall by 500 people as it has a high average age, no motorways and is badly linked to other locations. This is in contrast to mid Devon which has benefited from the growth in holiday homes and has seen its population rise.

Question 11

How has the transition town project in Kinsale, Ireland encouraged sustainable living ?

Answer 11

It has encouraged the use of home grown food to reduce dependency on outside resources. This has been done through things like the edible trail group where there are local plants and locals are encouraged to take food from the plants. In addition to this the school kids are educated about sustainability with every school having their own organic food garden.

Question 12

why are transition towns a good idea for rural areas ?

Answer 12

it reduces the dependency on outside sources and overcomes their issue of isolation as they can be self sufficient.

Question 13

what are sink estates ?

Answer 13

council estates with high levels of deprivation

Question 14

what are commuter villages ?

Answer 14

areas where people live but work elsewhere

Question 15

what is urban renaissance ?

Answer 15

repopulation and regeneration of a city following a period of inner city decay

Question 16

how do UK councils decide how to transform struggling areas ?

Answer 16

They need to assess the problems and prioritise certain issues as they don’t have money for everything

Question 17

what is engagement ?

Answer 17

The extent to which communities are prepared to get involved in pushing for a change.

Question 18

how can engagement be measured ?

Answer 18

looking at voting turnout

Question 19

how does voting turnout tend to differ ?

Answer 19

• It tends to be lowest in deprived inner city areas

- tertiary workers tend to turn out more than secondary and primary workers

Question 20

why is place attachment important when considering regeneration ?

Answer 20

The people living there if they are attached won’t want the area to be demolished and replaced but they would rather just improvements are made. For example Lower Falinge estate in Rochdale the people didn’t want it to be demolished as they like it.

Question 21

how does place attachment vary according to age, ethnicity and the length of time people have been there ?

Answer 21

• immigrants are more likely to feel less attached to an area as they haven’t been there as long
• younger people will feel less attached as they might not be able to see a future for themselves there

Question 22

how might the government decide wether or not an area needs regeneration or not ?

Answer 22

Using quantitative data data such as census data about population growth or decline, IMD data which identifies small deprived areas or even labour force surveys which identify the rates and type of employment in the area. However even the media such as TV can give you a sense of a place.