Globalisation EQ3 (3.3) Flashcards
what is development ?
the social and economic disparity between the wealthy and the poor. The western view of development is industrialisation and urbanisation
what are the 2 ways there can be a development gap ?
between countries and within countries
what is the best way to measure development ?
composite measures for example the human development index (HDI) which combines life expectancy, income and years in education.
how is income inequality measured in countries ?
using the Gini coefficient. The blue line is the Lorenz curve and to find the Gini coefficient you must take away area A from area B. If it equals zero it means there is perfect equality.
what are some examples of the winners and losers of globalisation ?
winners:
- billionaires who have made money through TNC’s
- rising middle class in china
- people who work for TNC’s in developed countries
losers:
- rural populations in Asia and africa
- workers in old industrialised cities e.g Detroit
- exploited workers in sweatshops
- slum dwellers in developing cities like lagos
how is the environmental impact of development measured ?
using ecological footprints
what is an example of countries ecological footprints compared to their income per capita ?
Comparing Sweden to China you can see that whilst both has seen rises in their income per capita Sweden have not increased their ecological footprint whilst China has.
what is a diaspora ?
the dispersal of a population overseas
what is an ethnoscape ?
a landscape of certain ethnicities
what factors have increased migration ?
- open borders to migration within the EU
- FDI which encourages TNC workers to go overseas
- humanitarian crises such as civil war in Syria
What is an example of cultural diversity ?
In recent statistics it was found that the parents of 65% of people born in London have been born outside of the UK
what are the reasons for the diversity in London ?
open borders, deregulation and FDI
what is some evidence for tensions due to immigration in Europe ?
- brexit vote fuelled by immigration
- anti immigration parties such as UKIP, national front in France and freedom party in Austria
- in 2014 51% of Swiss voted to stop mass immigration
what are some prohibited and illegal flows ?
prohibited:
- Cuba to USA (trade embargo)
- world to china(informtion like BBC and facebook)
illegal:
- Afghanistan to UK (opium trade)
- Colombia to USA (cocaine trade)
what is the case against Shell in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria ?
They funded the Nigerian army force and violence to force out the Ogoni people who where against shell in the area. Shell have caused huge environmental damage and caused widespread poverty in the region.
what are some examples of government policy to reduce the impact of globalisation ?
- the internet banned in North Korea
- China censors many internet sites to protect their communist ideas
- UK and Australia used point based immigration systems to limit migration
- trade protectionism such as Trump’s recent tariffs on certain materials to protect america’s industry
what is sustainability ?
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
what is an example of local sourcing ?
Nissan gets its magnetic wire from Indiana rather than from Japan
what are the costs of local sourcing ?
- can be expensive
- halted economic development in developing countries
what are the benefits of local sourcing ?
- good for PR
- good for local companies
- easier to transport
- shorter supply chains
- better for the environment as less pollution from transportation
what is the local sourcing project in Todmorden ?
they grow their own fruit and vegetables in over 40 spaces that they have found in the area. This has improved community spirit and bring fresh fruit and veg to the community with no air miles.
what are the ethical and environmental concerns of globalisation ?
- consumer goods made using exploited labour
- farmers don’t get a fair price for their products
- global warming from transportation
- we are using excessive resources during production, packaging and transport
what are fair trade products ?
they pay the farmers of the product a fair amount for what they are producing. This attempts to reduce the inequality of global trade however it makes the products more expensive for the consumer.
