Reflexes & Developmental Milestones

Question 1

Term: present in newborns; involuntary movement; integrates by 6mo so voluntary movement can be attained

Answer 1

Primative Reflex

Question 2

List the red flag for lower CNS development

Answer 2

Persistence of primitive reflexes impact motor development

Question 3

List the red flag for higher CNS development

Answer 3

Failure of primitive reflexes to integrate

Question 4

List another red flag of motor development

Answer 4

Asymmetry with reflexes

Question 5

For the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ANTR) list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 5

1. 20 wk GA
2. 4-6 mo
3. Turn head to side
4. Facial arm ext/ABD; Occipital arm flex/ADD

Question 6

For the Rooting Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 6

1. 28 wk GA
2. 3 mo
3. Touch perioral area
4. Head/lips turn w/mouth open, sucking of finger [response weak/absent if not hungry]

Question 7

For the Suck Swallow list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 7

1. 28 wk GA
2. 2-5 mo
3. Place finger in mouth
4. Rhythmical sucking

Question 8

For the Palmar Grasp Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 8

1. 28 wk GA
2. 4-7 mo
3. Pressure on palm
4. Flexion of fingers (grasps)

Question 9

For the Galant Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 9

1. 28 wk
2. 3 mo
3. Prone, stroke paravertebral skin
4. Lateral curve of trunk/hip shift to stimulated side

Question 10

For the Moro Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 10

1. 28 wk GA
2. 3-5 mo
3. Drop head backward
4. Ext/ABD arm, splay fingers > flex/ADD arm > crying

Question 11

For the Startle Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 11

1. 28 wk GA
2. 3-5 mo
3. Loud noise
4. Ext/ABD arm, splay fingers > flex/ADD > crying

Question 12

For the Flexor Withdrawal list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 12

1. 28 wk GA
2. 1-2 mo
3. Noxious to sole of foot
4. Flex/withdrawal of stimulated leg

Question 13

For the Crossed Extension list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 13

1. 28 wk
2. 1-2 mo
3. Noxious to sole of foot
4. Flex of stimulated leg > ext/ADD of opposite leg

Question 14

For the Positive Support list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 14

1. 35 wk GA
2. 2 mo
3. Supported standing
4. Legs support weight

Question 15

For the Stepping/Automatic Walking Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 15

1. 37 wk GA
2. 3-4 mo
3. Supported Staning, lean child forward
4. High stepping movement w/regular rhythm

Question 16

For the Plantar Grasp Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 16

1. Brith
2. 9 mo
3. Pressure on ball of foot
4. Flexion of toes (grasp w/toes)

Question 17

For the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflexlist the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 17

1. Birth
2. 6 mo
3. Prone: lift infant up; Supine: lift infant up
4. Prone: maximal flexor tone; Supine: maximal extensor tone

Question 18

For the Placing Reaction Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 18

1. Birth
2. 6 mo
3. Dorsum foot/hand on edge of table
4. Placing foot/hand on table top

Question 19

For the Traction/Pull to Sit Reflex list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 19

1. Birth
2. 2-5 mo
3. Pull to sit from supine
4. Arms flex, head lags

Question 20

For the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 20

1. 4-6 mo
2. 8-12 mo
3. flex/ext of head in quad
4. flex: arm/elbow flex, hips ext; ext: arm/eblow ext, hip flex

Question 21

For the Landau Reaction list the:

1. Onset
2. Integration
3. Stimulus
4. Response

Answer 21

1. 4 mo
2. 18 mo
3. Prone, suspended in air
4. Ext neck, trunk, hip

Question 22

Term: Set of functional skills or age specific tasks that most children can do at a certain age range

Answer 22

Milestone

Question 23

Term: Important for infant motor development (encourages head control, ext)

Answer 23

Tummy Time

Question 24

Milestone: Crawling (on belly)

Answer 24

2 mo

Question 25

Milestone: Sitting

Answer 25

6-7 mo

Question 26

Milestone: Creeping (on hands/knees)

Answer 26

8-10 mo

Question 27

Milestone: Creeps up/down stairs

Answer 27

8-15 mo

Question 28

Milestone: Pull to stand

Answer 28

9-10 mo

Question 29

Milestone: Independent stance

Answer 29

12-13 mo

Question 30

Milestone: Walking

Answer 30

14-18 mo

Question 31

Milestone: Walks up/down stairs w/hand held; Throws ball forward

Answer 31

15-18 mo

Question 32

Milestone: Runs stiffly

Answer 32

20 mo

Question 33

Milestone: Walks up/down stairs w/o support; kicks ball forward

Answer 33

2.5 yo

Question 34

Milestone: Runs well; Reciprocal stairs; Catches w/arm/body

Answer 34

3 yo

Question 35

Milestone: Gallops

Answer 35

4 yo

Question 36

Milestone: Skips

Answer 36

5-6 yo

Question 37

List the 8 Gross Motor Red Flags

Answer 37

1. Persistence of reflex 2. Lack of leg movement 3. Stuck in head/neck/trunk hyperext 4. Extremely floppy/rigid 5. Spasticity 6. Athetoid movement 7. Unilateral movement 8. Scissoring gait