Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
Condition: Pathophysiology [not fully understood]
- Problem along brain’s signaling pathway
- Differential activation of multiple brain areas during motor/attention/inhibition tasks
- Problem in microstructure of internal capsule
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Condition: Pathophysiology
- Strain/traction to BP during labor
- Affects some or all roots [C5/6 most common]
- Degree of damage varies [neuropraxia > axonotomesis > neurotomesis > avulsion]
Brachial Plexus Injury
Condition: Characteristics
- Progressive mm wasting [hip weakness a major problem]
- Walking, swallowing, breathing become progressively more difficult
- Increased clumsiness and falling
Muscular Dystrophy
Condition: Characteristics
- Intellectual & developmental problems have a wide range
- Distinct facial features [flattened, small head, protruding tongue, upward slant to eyes, small ears]
- Short neck
- Poor mm tone
- Broad, short hands [single crease in palm]
- Excessive flexibility
- Brushfield spots
- Short height
- Poor vision
Down’s Syndrome
Condition: Dx Criteria
- Motor coordination during daily activities substantially below expected based upon age/intelligence
- Motor difficulties interfering with ADLs and academics
- Coordination problems not associated with alternate disorder (CP, MD)
- Motor difficulties beyond those associated with cognitive impairment, if cognitive impairment is present
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Condition: Pathophysiology
- Genetic [decreased production of dystrophin – protects mm fibers from damage]
- Develops during childhood; B > G
- Gower’s Sign
Muscular Dystrophy
Condition: Umbrella term: covers a group of non-progressive, often changing, motor impairments secondary to lesion or anomalies of the brain arising in the early stages of development
Cerebral Palsy
Condition: Other Affected Systems
- Speech [B corticobulbar/oromotor dysfunction]
- Feeding [swallowing/drooling, stunted growth due to lack of nutrition]
- Psychiatric conditions [anxiety, depression, conduct disorder]
- MKS [hyper/hypotone, contracture, osteoporosis]
- Lung [breathing disorders]
Cerebral Palsy
Condition: Other Affected Systems
- MSK [decreased bone strength due to lack of use]
Brachial Plexus Injury
Condition: Disorder of movement and posture as a result of damage to the brain
Cerebral Palsy
Condition: Characteristics
- Paralysis or mm weakness
- Lack or altered sensation
- Hypo-reflexive
- C5/6 = Arm hangs in IR, extension, pronated [Erb’s Palsy]
- C7 = Wrist/Fingers in flexion (Waiter’s Tip]
Brachial Plexus Injury
Condition: Characteristics
- Delayed milestones as infants
- Persistence but significant delay in motor task at school age
- Difficulty learning tasks from external instruction
- Slow, messy handwriting
- Problems putting small task together as a whole
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Condition: Affected Systems
- CV [heart defects]
- Immune [increased risk of infection]
- Endocrine [thyroid problems]
- Pulmonary [sleep apnea]
- MSK [low tone, increase risk of obesity]
- Hearing loss
Down’s Syndrome
Condition: Characteristics
- Cognitive impairment (60% of time)
- Visual impairment/ocular motility
- Hearing impairment
- Epilepsy
Cerebral Palsy
Condition: Pathophysiology
- Abnormal cell division at C 21, extra chromosome
- 3 variations: Trisomy [most common], Mosaic Down Syndrome [rare, most severe], Translocation [rare]
Down’s Syndrome
