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PTRS 833 Midterm > Pediatric Orthopedics > Flashcards

Pediatric Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

Condition: arch develops 3-5; compensatory posture; tx [just keep an eye on it unless incredible painful]

A

Pes Planus

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2
Q

LEARN PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDIC CONDITIONS TABLE

A

YOU’LL DO IT!!

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3
Q

Describe what can be determined from the results of a Galleazi Sign

A

If knee centers are even ant/post but not sup/inf = short femur and tibia

If knee center off anterior = short tibia

If knee centerio off posterior = short femur

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4
Q

List when the epiphyseal plates open and close

A

Open = Birth-3mo

Close = 16-19 yo

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5
Q

Condition: Complications = compartment syndrome; recurvatum; extension lag; patella baja; fixation complication

A

Tibial Tubercle Fx (Osgood Schlatter)

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6
Q

Condition: Loss of hip IR, ABD, Flexion

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

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7
Q

Condition: Contralateral head rotation coupled w/ipsilateral tilt

A

Congenital Muscular Torticollis

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8
Q

Condition: hypertext injury, fx beneath ACL insertion, 8-12 yo

A

Tibial Eminence Fx

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9
Q

Condition:

  • Emergent situtation requiring sx to maintain vasculature
A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

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10
Q

Test: Child is supine with knees bent and feet flat on the table or floor. ASIS’s are held level. Look to see if one knee is higher than the other. If so, leg length may need to be measured.

A

Galleazi Sign [for LLD]

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11
Q

Instability Test: Dislocates a reduced hip [bad – stretching out tissue]

A

Barlow

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12
Q

List the 4 stages of Legg-Calve Perthes

A
  1. Condensation [femoral head turns necrotic]
  2. Fragmentation [necrosis fragmentsàreabsorbed; revascularize, deform femoral head/flat acetabulum]
  3. Reossification [w/return of vascular supply]
  4. Remodeling [at acetabulum]
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13
Q

Condition:

  • Abnormal intrauterine posture or injury to SCM w/delivery [direct mm trauma; compartment syndrome]
  • Named for the side of the tilt [R > L; dx mean age 4 mo]
A

Congenital Muscular Torticollis

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14
Q

Condition: violent quad contraction or passive flexion of knee with contracted quad, 12-17 yo

A

Tibial Tubercle Fx (Osgood Sclatter)

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15
Q

Condition: Appearance

  • LLD, Galeazzi, uneven thigh folds
  • Waddling gat w/lordosis [Trendelenburg to affected side]
  • Limited hip ABD [unilateral late dx diff of 10 deg; bilateral < 60 deg]
A

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

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16
Q

Test: Infant is supine with hip and knee of measured lower extremity flexed to 90 degrees. The other hip is stabilized against the surface while the knee of the testing leg is extended. Measure the angle between the thigh and leg when the knee is maximally extended

A

Popliteal angle

17
Q

Test: May also be an indication of hip joint integrity—if a child has a dislocated hip, the femur will slide backward and the knee on that side will be lower

A

Galleazi Sign [for LLD]

18
Q

Describe the 2 ways that Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis be classified

A
  1. By duration (acute < 3 wk; chronic > 3 wk; acute on chronic > 3 wk w/exacerbation)
  2. Severity: grades 1-3 (1 = 1/3 width of neck; 2 = 1/3-1/2; 3 = > 1/2)
19
Q

Condition:

Foot in: Equinus, varus, ADD

  • Will never be normal foot again
A

Club Foot or Talipes Equinovarus

20
Q

Condition: Complications = laxity/instability, arthorfibrosis, extension block/mal/non-union

A

Tibial Eminence Fx

21
Q

Condition: Loss of hip IR, ABD, Extension

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes

22
Q

Condition:

  • Forefoot curves medially
  • Will grow out of
A

Metatarus Adductus

23
Q

Term: femoral ER

A

femoral retrotorsion

24
Q

Condition:

Mild = due to fetal positioning

Severe = underlying neuromuscular dx [sx @ 4-6mo; night splint; PT]

A

Club Foot or Talipes Equinovarus

25
Q

Test: The child bends forward with his/her arms hanging in front and knees straight. The therapist stands behind and then in front of the child to assess spine symmetry. This is a screening procedure and is not a definitive diagnosis of spine curvature

A

Adams forward bend test [for scoliosis]

26
Q

Describe the 5 Salter Harris Classification System for Fractures

A

Only used in those with mature bones

1 = closed reduction; good px

2 = closed reduction; good px

3 = open/closed reduction; good px if vasculature intact

4 = open reduction; growth plate disturbd

5 = not detected until growth disturbed; growth arrest/angular deformity

27
Q

Term: femoral IR

A

femoral antetorsion

28
Q

Describe acetabular angles that are normal and significant for DDH

A

Norm = < 20 degree at 24 mo

Significant = > 40 degree at birth

29
Q

Condition:

  • Forefoot curves laterally, hindfoot valgus, navicular on the floor
  • Foot appears DF; Vertical talus or “rocker bottom” deformity
  • Needs to be protected [orthotic or sx]
A

Calcaneovalgus

30
Q

Condition: pain, hemarthrosis, instability, limited ROM

A

Tibial Eminence Fx

31
Q

Condition:

  • Displacement from normal position on femoral neck; B > G
  • Presents w/pain in medial thigh, groin, knee, antalgic gait w/decreased WB, ER w/attempted flexion
A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

32
Q

Condition:

  • Self-limiting avascular necrosis of the femoral head; B 3-13 yo [3x more likely than G]
  • Presents w/pain in groin, knee, thigh, antalgic gait w/Trendelenburg
A

Legg-Calve Perthes

33
Q

Condition: plateau in gains after 4-5 mo of tx and/or 7-8 mo of age

A

Refractory Torticollis

34
Q

Describe the hip motions that are lost in Legg-Calve-Perthes

A

IR

ABD

Extension

35
Q

Test: Infant is supine with hip and knee of measured lower extremity flexed to 90 degrees. The other hip is stabilized against the surface while the knee of the testing leg is extended. Measure the amount of ROM that is missing or lacking from full knee extension.

A

Hamstring length

36
Q

Instability Test: reduces a hip that is out, one leg at a time [out]

A

Ortolani

37
Q

List 2 features that are unique to pediatric bones

A
  1. Increased malleability [more avulsion b/c ligaments stronger than bone; bending fx]
  2. Increased remodeling [non-union rare]
38
Q

Condition: pain, hemarthrosis, inability to extend knee

A

Tibial Tubercle Fx (Osgood Schlatter)

PTRS 833 Midterm (10 decks)

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