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PTRS 833 Midterm > Developmental & Postural Control > Flashcards

Developmental & Postural Control Flashcards

1
Q

Term: Continuous development of multiple sensory and motor systems, which manifest behaviorally in a discontinuous step-like progression of motor milestones

A

Development of postural control

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2
Q

Term: Requires development of postural activity to support primary movement

A

Emergence of postural skills

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3
Q

List the 2 systems that interact to allow for the emergence of postural skills

A
  1. Neural
  2. MSK
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4
Q

List the 2 limiting factors of the emergence of postural skills

A
  1. Immature postural system
  2. Lack of reflex inhibition
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5
Q

Term: Predictive movement in response to a stimuli

A

Reflex

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6
Q

Integration of reflexive reactions is correlated with acquiring _______ ________

A

motor, skills

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7
Q

Persistance of reflexes beyond the age of _____ may signal brain abnormalities

A

6 mo

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8
Q

Almost all reflexes should be integrated by _______

A

9 - 12 mo

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9
Q

Term: Automatic responses to sensory input that act to keep the body parts in alignment, maintain equilibrium and prevent injury

A

Postural Reactions

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10
Q

List the age that postural responses emerge

A

2 - 18 mo; most persist throughout life

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11
Q

List the 3 types of postural reactions

A
  1. Righting (vertical/rotational)
  2. Equilibrium (tilting/postural fixation)
  3. Protective
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12
Q

Reaction: Orientation of the head to vertical OR body parts are restored to normal alignment following rotation

A

Righting Reaction

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13
Q

List the 2 types of righting reactions and when they emerge

A
  1. Vertical [Birth - 2 mo]
  2. Rotational [4 - 6 mo]
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14
Q

List the age at which neck righting is no longer seens

A

12 mo

Body righting is considered a mature response

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15
Q

Reaction: Extension of the limbs when balance is challenge

A

Protective Reaction

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16
Q

List the 4 types of protective reactions, when they emerge, and the response

A
  1. Downward [4 mo]: / and ABD of legs
  2. Forward [6-7 mo]: / and ABD of arms
  3. Sideways [7 mo in sit]: / arm in direction of force
  4. Backward [9-10 mo in sit]: / of both arms backward
17
Q

Term: Total body response; move opposite of perturbation

A

Equilibrium Reactions

18
Q

List the 5 types of equilibrium reactions and when they emerge

A
  1. Prone [6 mo]: Tilt lateral > spinal concavity, /, ABD of limb on ^ side
  2. Supine/Sitting [7-8 mo]
  3. Postural Fixation: Movement on stable BOS > body moves over support surface
  4. Quadruped [9-12mo]
  5. Standing [12-21 mo]
19
Q

Term: Normal motor development used as a reference point to understand abnormal establish tx

A

Motor Development

20
Q

Term: Appropriate mm response to perturbation

A

Reactive Postural Adjustments (RPAs)

21
Q

Term: Cognitive process for predicting postural requirements and selecting timely anticipatory motor strategies

A

Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs)

22
Q

____ & ______ emerge in parallel during development; _____ are learned with voluntary movements

A

RPA, APA, APA

23
Q

LOOK AT SYSTEMS AND THEIR EFFECT ON POSTURAL CONTROL TABLE

A

YOU’LL DO IT!

24
Q

Vision is an important part of postural control and development, list the role vision plays in the following age ranges

  1. 3 days post-natal
  2. 5 mo
  3. 11-16 mo
  4. 13-17 mo
A
  1. postural response of head in supported sitting
  2. postural response to visual stimulie in supported stance
  3. sway in response to visual stimuli in independent sitting
  4. new walkers sway excessively and are apt to fall in response to visual stimuli in standing
25
Q

Sensory system: Feedback correction (closed loop) and feedforward control (open loop/anticipatory)

A

Vision

26
Q

Sensory System: Regulates head control and references gravitational forces

A

Vestibular

27
Q

Sensory system: Body positioning and righting

A

Somatosensory

28
Q

The vestibular and somatosensory systems are important for reactive and directional mm responses. List the mm that response at the following age ranges

  1. 4-5 mo
  2. 7-9 mo
A
  1. sitting/trunk mm
  2. standing/ankle mm
29
Q

List the 9 characteristics of an immature movement pattern (which may be indicative of a neurological problem) [Pneumonic IF, LIAM, PIE]

A
  1. Inconsistency
  2. Perseveration
  3. Mirroring
  4. Asymmetry
  5. Loss of dynamic balance
  6. Falling after performance
  7. Extraneous movements
  8. Inability to maintain rhythm, pattern, control of force
  9. Inappropriate motor planning
30
Q

List the 4 indicators of delay in motor development

A
  1. Primitive reflexes do NOT appear in the first year of life
  2. Primitive reflexes appear, but do NOT DISAPPEAR by the end of the first year
  3. Equilibrium reactions do NOT appear by the end of the first year
  4. Equilibrium reactions do NOT persist throughout life

PTRS 833 Midterm (10 decks)

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