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PTRS 833 Midterm > Development of Reach & Grasp > Flashcards

Development of Reach & Grasp Flashcards

1
Q

Locating a target: Uses saccades

A

Newborn

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2
Q

Locating a target: Move attention from object to object

A

Infant

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3
Q

Locating a target: Limited smooth pursuit

A

Birth - 6 wk

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4
Q

Locating a target: Tracks objects well

A

3 mo

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5
Q

Locating a target: Obligatory looking; ableto disengage an object

A

4 mo

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6
Q

Locating a target: Use head and eye together

A

5 mo

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7
Q

Eye-Head-Hand Coordination: Head-Arm movement strongly coupled

A

2 mo

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8
Q

Eye-Head-Hand Coordination: Head-Arm movements being uncoupling, increased flexibility

A

2-4 mo

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9
Q

Eye-Head-Hand Coordination: Gain trunk postural stability, providing stable base for emergence of reaching

A

4 mo

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10
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Moves arm when visually fixated on an object, open hand

A

Newborn

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11
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Frequency of reaching decreases, hand fisted

A

2 mo

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12
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Frequency of reaching increaes, hand open; acquire skills in aiming, become realistic in reaching

A

3 mo

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13
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Reaching movements visually triggered

A

Birth - 1 yo

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14
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Reaching less visually triggered

A

1+ yo

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15
Q

Infant Reaching:

  • Reaching occurs in step
  • Bimanual reaching may dominate, elbow may be locked, final approach crooked/awkward
  • Reaching becomes visually guided
A

4-5 mo

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16
Q

Infant Reaching:

  • Reaching becomes smoother (few steps, straight approach)
  • Unilateral reaching may begin, elbow is used
A

6 mo

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17
Q

Infant Reaching:

  • Coordinated
  • Complementary reaching/transfers objects
  • Controlled release
A

8-9 mo

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18
Q

List the intrinsic (4) and extrinsic (3) factors that influence reaching

A

Intrinsic = Age, experience, postural control, developmental delay

Extrinsic = Task demand, vision, coordination

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19
Q

Describe what reaching should look like at the end of year one (2)

A
  1. Visually guided reaching decreased
  2. Switch from ballistic to feedback strategy
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20
Q

Childhood Reaching: Little change

A

9 mo - 7 yo

21
Q

Child Reaching: Use ballistic/feed forward

22
Q

Child Reaching: Monitor/control with closed loop/feedback

23
Q

Child Reaching: combine strategies to improve efficiency and reduce the amount of attention required

24
Q

Rudimentary Grasp: Reflexive grasp, Hand open w/reaching (extensor synergy)

A

Newbord - 2 mo

25
Rudimentary Grasp: Hand fisted during reaching
2 mo
26
Rudimentary Grasp: Open hand when visually fixated on target
3 mo
27
Infant Grasp: - Use vision to correct hand trajectory - Palmar grasp emerges
4-5 mo
28
Infant Grasp: - Expect to see hand - Performance disturbed is vision of hand blocked - Visual information used to adjust grip - Radial palmar grasp
5-6 mo
29
Infant Grasp: - Open hand during reach related to size of object - Pincer grasp emerges
8-9 mo
30
Infant Grasp: - Grasp initiated earlier in reach - Timing similar to adults - Pincer grasp well developed
12-13 mo
31
Childhood Grasp: - Grip and load force are neg correlated - Tendency to over shoot target - Feedforward
2 yo
32
Childhood Grasp: - Grip and load force are pos correlated - Anticipatory control strategy for grasp - Less overshooting
4 yo
33
Childhood Grasp: - Grip and load force in parallel to prevent slips/avoid squeezing too hard - Integration of feedback and feedforward
Adult
34
Development of Fine Motor Function: Rotation of held objects
2 mo
35
Development of Fine Motor Function: Translation of grasped objects
3 mo
36
Development of Fine Motor Function: Vibration (shaking) of held objects
4 mo
37
Development of Fine Motor Function: - Bilateral hold of 2 objects - 2 handed hold of a single object
4.5 mo
38
Development of Fine Motor Function: Hand to hand transfer of an object
4.5-6 mo
39
Development of Fine Motor Function: Coordinated action with a single object when one hand holds the object while the other manipulates (bangs) it
5-6.5 mo
40
Development of Fine Motor Function: Coordinated action with 2 objects
6-8.5 mo
41
Development of Fine Motor Function: Deformation of objects
7-8.5 mo
42
Development of Fine Motor Function: Instrumental sequential actions
7.5-9.5 mo
43
Cognition and Object Exploration: - Find partially hidden objects - Explores objects w/hands and mouth
6-7 mo
44
Cognition and Object Exploration: - Object permanence - Separation anxiety
8 mo
45
Cognition and Object Exploration: - Beings to use objects correctly - Imitate gestures
12 mo
46
Cognition and Object Exploration: - Stacks 2 blocks - Adapts reaching to weight of object
13-15 mo
47
Cognition and Object Exploration: - Stacks 3 blocks - Understand objects go together (i.e. cup and saucer)
18 mo
48
Cognition and Object Exploration: - Stacks 6 blocks - Sorts by shape/color - Pretends to play
2 yo
49
Cognition and Object Exploration: Completes puzzle with 3-4 pieces
3 yo

PTRS 833 Midterm (10 decks)

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