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PTRS 833 Midterm > Development of Reach & Grasp > Flashcards

Development of Reach & Grasp Flashcards

1
Q

Locating a target: Uses saccades

A

Newborn

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2
Q

Locating a target: Move attention from object to object

A

Infant

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3
Q

Locating a target: Limited smooth pursuit

A

Birth - 6 wk

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4
Q

Locating a target: Tracks objects well

A

3 mo

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5
Q

Locating a target: Obligatory looking; ableto disengage an object

A

4 mo

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6
Q

Locating a target: Use head and eye together

A

5 mo

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7
Q

Eye-Head-Hand Coordination: Head-Arm movement strongly coupled

A

2 mo

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8
Q

Eye-Head-Hand Coordination: Head-Arm movements being uncoupling, increased flexibility

A

2-4 mo

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9
Q

Eye-Head-Hand Coordination: Gain trunk postural stability, providing stable base for emergence of reaching

A

4 mo

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10
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Moves arm when visually fixated on an object, open hand

A

Newborn

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11
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Frequency of reaching decreases, hand fisted

A

2 mo

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12
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Frequency of reaching increaes, hand open; acquire skills in aiming, become realistic in reaching

A

3 mo

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13
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Reaching movements visually triggered

A

Birth - 1 yo

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14
Q

Rudimentary Reaching/Pre-Reaching Skills: Reaching less visually triggered

A

1+ yo

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15
Q

Infant Reaching:

  • Reaching occurs in step
  • Bimanual reaching may dominate, elbow may be locked, final approach crooked/awkward
  • Reaching becomes visually guided
A

4-5 mo

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16
Q

Infant Reaching:

  • Reaching becomes smoother (few steps, straight approach)
  • Unilateral reaching may begin, elbow is used
A

6 mo

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17
Q

Infant Reaching:

  • Coordinated
  • Complementary reaching/transfers objects
  • Controlled release
A

8-9 mo

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18
Q

List the intrinsic (4) and extrinsic (3) factors that influence reaching

A

Intrinsic = Age, experience, postural control, developmental delay

Extrinsic = Task demand, vision, coordination

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19
Q

Describe what reaching should look like at the end of year one (2)

A
  1. Visually guided reaching decreased
  2. Switch from ballistic to feedback strategy
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20
Q

Childhood Reaching: Little change

A

9 mo - 7 yo

21
Q

Child Reaching: Use ballistic/feed forward

A

5 yo

22
Q

Child Reaching: Monitor/control with closed loop/feedback

A

7 yo

23
Q

Child Reaching: combine strategies to improve efficiency and reduce the amount of attention required

A

9-11 yo

24
Q

Rudimentary Grasp: Reflexive grasp, Hand open w/reaching (extensor synergy)

A

Newbord - 2 mo

25
Q

Rudimentary Grasp: Hand fisted during reaching

A

2 mo

26
Q

Rudimentary Grasp: Open hand when visually fixated on target

A

3 mo

27
Q

Infant Grasp:

  • Use vision to correct hand trajectory
  • Palmar grasp emerges
A

4-5 mo

28
Q

Infant Grasp:

  • Expect to see hand
  • Performance disturbed is vision of hand blocked
  • Visual information used to adjust grip
  • Radial palmar grasp
A

5-6 mo

29
Q

Infant Grasp:

  • Open hand during reach related to size of object
  • Pincer grasp emerges
A

8-9 mo

30
Q

Infant Grasp:

  • Grasp initiated earlier in reach
  • Timing similar to adults
  • Pincer grasp well developed
A

12-13 mo

31
Q

Childhood Grasp:

  • Grip and load force are neg correlated
  • Tendency to over shoot target
  • Feedforward
A

2 yo

32
Q

Childhood Grasp:

  • Grip and load force are pos correlated
  • Anticipatory control strategy for grasp
  • Less overshooting
A

4 yo

33
Q

Childhood Grasp:

  • Grip and load force in parallel to prevent slips/avoid squeezing too hard
  • Integration of feedback and feedforward
A

Adult

34
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function: Rotation of held objects

A

2 mo

35
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function: Translation of grasped objects

A

3 mo

36
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function: Vibration (shaking) of held objects

A

4 mo

37
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function:

  • Bilateral hold of 2 objects
  • 2 handed hold of a single object
A

4.5 mo

38
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function: Hand to hand transfer of an object

A

4.5-6 mo

39
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function: Coordinated action with a single object when one hand holds the object while the other manipulates (bangs) it

A

5-6.5 mo

40
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function: Coordinated action with 2 objects

A

6-8.5 mo

41
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function: Deformation of objects

A

7-8.5 mo

42
Q

Development of Fine Motor Function: Instrumental sequential actions

A

7.5-9.5 mo

43
Q

Cognition and Object Exploration:

  • Find partially hidden objects
  • Explores objects w/hands and mouth
A

6-7 mo

44
Q

Cognition and Object Exploration:

  • Object permanence
  • Separation anxiety
A

8 mo

45
Q

Cognition and Object Exploration:

  • Beings to use objects correctly
  • Imitate gestures
A

12 mo

46
Q

Cognition and Object Exploration:

  • Stacks 2 blocks
  • Adapts reaching to weight of object
A

13-15 mo

47
Q

Cognition and Object Exploration:

  • Stacks 3 blocks
  • Understand objects go together (i.e. cup and saucer)
A

18 mo

48
Q

Cognition and Object Exploration:

  • Stacks 6 blocks
  • Sorts by shape/color
  • Pretends to play
A

2 yo

49
Q

Cognition and Object Exploration: Completes puzzle with 3-4 pieces

A

3 yo

PTRS 833 Midterm (10 decks)

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