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Mnemonics in Ophthalmology > Red eye and Emergencies > Flashcards

Red eye and Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Red-eye etiologies:

A

DUI IT!

D - Dry eye
U - Uveitis
I - IOP (above 21, 30-40 can be asymptomatic/vision loss with no red-eye)

I - Infections
T - Trauma (never put a pressure bandage)

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2
Q

Closed or narrow-angle glaucoma symptoms:

A

HyPHeN

H - Halos and blurry vision.
y
P - Pain 
H - Headache
e
N- N/V
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3
Q

Closed or narrow-angle glaucoma signs:

A

PI! CCAFA!!!
P - Pupil
I - IOP

C - Ciliary injection
C - Cornea opaque
A - Angle closed (Gonioscope)
F - Flare
A -Ant chamber is shallow
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4
Q

Glaucoma drugs - drugs that dec aqueous humor synthesis

A

B - beta bolckers (Timolol, betaxolol,carteolol)

A - alfa agonists (Epinephrine-a1, apraclonidine, brimonidine -a2)

D - Diuretics (Acetazolamide)

via vasoconstriction (Epinephrine)

via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (Acetazolamide)

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5
Q

Glaucoma drugs - drugs that inc outflow of aqueous humor

A

Prostaglandins - uveoscleraI pathway (Bimatoprost, latanoprost -PGF2a)

Cholinomimetics, M3 - contraction of the ciliary muscle and opening of the trabecular meshwork

Cholinomimetics-Direct: pilocarpine, carbachol
Cholinomimetics-indirect: physostigmine, echothiophate

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6
Q

Definitive closed or narrow-angle glaucoma treatment:

A

Peripheral Iridotomy (Slit-lamp procedure if acute, Surgical if chronic- tough Iris)

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7
Q

Findings in Allergic\Viral\Bacterial conjunctivitis:

A

Allergic: Follicles - Papule

Viral: Follicles

Bacterial: Papule

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8
Q

Secretion color in Allergic\Viral\Bacterial conjunctivitis:

A

Allergic: watery
Viral: yellow
Bacterial: green

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9
Q

Papules vs Follicles structure:

A

Papules - central vasculature

Follicles - peripheral vasculature

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10
Q

Steroidal treatment in conjunctivitis when ___(2)___ are seen

A

P-P

Patches (sub-epithelial)
Pseudomembranes

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11
Q

Steroidal treatment icrease _______

A

IOP

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12
Q

Corneal Dendrites indicate______

A

Primary Herpes infection - Follicular Keratoconjunctivitis

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13
Q

Pseudo-Dendrites indicate______

A

Fungal infections

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14
Q

RF for HSV infection of the cornea:

A

Sweet TIC

Sweet - DM
T - Trauma
I - Immunodeficiency
C -Contact lens

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15
Q

Corneal Dendrites can be visualized with____(2)____.

A

Fluorescein or Rose-bengal

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16
Q

Follicular Keratoconjunctivitis treatment:

A

AAA:

A - Acyclovir 3% (local)
A - Acyclovir (systemic- for recurrent infection)
A - Antibiotics for superinfection coverage

NO Steroids! Only after the virus is gone and the patient is still in pain along with antiviral coverage and very carefully!

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17
Q

Stromal herpes treatment:

A

SALT with Plegia:

S - Steroids (at the beginning - we worry about immune system activation)
A - Acyclovir (local and systemic)
L - Lubrication
T - transplant (for optic axis)

C - Cycloplegics (Atropine/cyclopentolate ) for pain

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18
Q

Signs and symptoms of Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus:

A

Hutchinson DISCO is PG

Hutchinson - nose lesion (nasociliary nerve)

D - dendritic keratitis
I - iridocyclitis
S - scleritis or episcleritis
C - chorioretinitis
O - Optic neuropathy

P - paralisis of mucsles
G - Glaucoma

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19
Q

Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus treatment:

A

ASS!

Analgesics
Systemic Acyclovir
Steroids

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20
Q

RF for infectious Keratitis:

A

Sweet TIC

Sweet - DM
T - Trauma
I - Immunodeficiency
C -Contact lens

21
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage mandates a ______

A

Fundus exam

22
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage does not mandate ______, but _____

A

Anticoagulant therapy but monitor coumadin patients.

23
Q

Dry eye signs:

A

MISFED Breakup

M - Minscus of tear decrease
I - Irregularity of the corneal surface
S - SPK
F - Filaments 
E - Engored bulbar conjunctival vessels 
D - Dirty tears

Breakup - Breakup time of tears (dry spots appear at below 10 seconds - fluorescein test)

24
Q

Dry eye etiologies:

A

FIRE ALARMS!

F - FB
I - infections/inflamations
R - RA
E - ExPosure (Proptosis, Palsy, PSP- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)

A - vitamin A deficiency
L - Lash (entropion or trichiasis)
A - Aplasia of the lacrimal gland/Autonomic sysfuction
R - Rosecia
M - Meds (birth control, anticholinergics)/ Mucos membrane (OCP, chemicals, Erythema multiforme)
S -Sjogrens, Sarcoid, Spasm

25
Q

Sever orbital cellulitis can present with______

A

RAPD (pressure on the ON)

26
Q

Orbital cellulitis mandates_____(3)_____

A

ENT consult, CT scan, IV antibiotics

27
Q

Orbital cellulitis usually develops from______

A

Sinusitis (through lamina papricia)

28
Q

Pterygium is a result of _______, and treated with ________

A

Solar elastosis, Mitomycin C.

29
Q

Perforation of the eye will manifest as_____

A

PIPS

P - Pupil abnormal shape
I - Iris abnormal shape
P - Pigmentory parts outside the eye
S - Smaller eye

30
Q

Trauma - never put a______.

A

pressure bandage

31
Q

Perforation of the eye mandates_____

A

CT scan, IV antibiotics

32
Q

Ant vs Post perforation operation qualifications:

A

Ant - all eye surgeons

Post - Retina specialists

33
Q

Lid margin cuts mandate_____

A

Surgery so lashes don’t turn inward

34
Q

Hyphemia mandates_____

A

Pupil dilation and fundoscopy
Cycloplegia
Steroids

35
Q

Hyphemia may lead to_______

A

Glaucoma.

36
Q

Trauma may lead to _____

A

dislocation of the lens (Optic axis deviation-> need for high, +10, lens to see)

37
Q

Retinal bleeding usually____

A

is absorbed

38
Q

Retinal bleeding means we have to think about _____

A

abuse, shaken baby syndrome.

39
Q

Optic nerve avulsion mandates_____

A

Steroids - ease of the edema may give back some sight capabilities.

40
Q

Optic nerve avulsion will manifest as_____

A

White, pale disc, with APD (NLP - no light perception)

41
Q

Chemical burns manifest as_____

A

Corneal damage seen with flurecin.

42
Q

Chemical burns mandate_____

A

WISP

W - WASH!
I - Inspection of the limbus
S - Steroids
P - Pain control (drops/ointment)

43
Q

Chemical burns - more than ______ of the______, will lead to significant vision loss

A

1/3 of the limbus.

44
Q

Uveitis etiologies:

A

POSI!

P - Postoperative
O - Ocular disease
S - Systemic disease (JRA, Behecet)
I - Infection

45
Q

Anterior Uveitis findings:

A

Anterior Uveitis loves KFC’S Nodules!

K - Keratopercipitants (on the endothlium)
F - Flare and cells
C - Ciliary injection
S - Synechea (posterior - flower pupil in kids)

Nodules - on the Iris (Sarcoidosis)

46
Q

Anterior Uveitis findings - Ciliary injection not affected with

A

Phenylephrine. Ciliary injection manifested from deep vessels, and Phenylephrine superficial vessels.

47
Q

Posterior Uveitis findings:

A

CV3R:

C - Choroid lesion (elevated lesions on the retina)
V - Vasculitis
V - Vitreous has cells
V - Vitreous has snowballs
R - Retinitis
48
Q

Posterior Uveitis findings - Retinitis manifests as

A

Scotomas.

Mnemonics in Ophthalmology (16 decks)

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