Cataract Flashcards
Germinative zone of the lens cortex’s significance______
Epithelial cells lose their nucleus there and move deeper.
The outer cortex is ____ than the inner.
newer
Crystalline chemical proteolysis causes______
HMW protein aggregates
Name a Dark & Hard lens.
Brunecent.
Types of age-related cataracts:
Nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular.
What are the usual characteristics of cortical cataracts?
Central opacity, Bilateral, Far-sight vison problems (lens remains somewhat elastic, and can accommodate).
Cortical cataracts usual finding_____
Cortical spokes = wedge-shaped opacities, that swell with water.
Cortical cataracts usually presents with_____ patients
DM
Cortical cataracts may develop to ______
Mature cortical cataracts
Cortical cataracts treatment is ______
Capsulorhexis - contents at risk to leak to vitreous.
What are the usual characteristics of posterior subcapsular cataracts?
Patients complain of decreased night vision and near vision. Seen under direct illumination.
Resting pupil diameter is_____
3 mm
Posterior subcapsular cataracts etiologies:
STRAID
S - Steroids T - Trauma R - Radiation A - age I - Inflammation D - DM
Posterior subcapsular cataracts etiologies:
STRAID
S - Steroids T - Trauma R - Radiation A - age I - Inflammation D - DM
Posterior subcapsular cataracts may present with____, but it ______
Wedges, won’t reach the periphery.
Congenital Cataract risk factors:
3M Totrch milk MAN is a toxic LAD!
3 - trisomies (13, 18, 21)
M - myotonic dystrophy
Torche - ToRCHeS infections
Milk - galactokinase deficiency /classic galactosemia
M - Marfan syndrome
A - Alport syndrome
N - neurofibromatosis 2
L - Lowe
A - Aniridia/Anterior segment dysgenisis
D - Down syndrom
Toxins - steroids (rare)
Congenital Cataract risk factors:
3M Totrch milk MAN is a toxic LAD!
3 - trisomies (13, 18, 21)
M - myotonic dystrophy
Torche - ToRCHeS infections
Milk - galactokinase deficiency /classic galactosemia
M - Marfan syndrome
A - Alport syndrome
N - neurofibromatosis 2
Toxins - steroids (rare)
L - Lowe
A - Aniridia/Anterior segment dysgenisis
D - Down syndrome
A unilateral congenital cataract is manifested by____
PFV - Persistent fetal vasculature.
Cataract classification - secondary:
SCROTuM
S - Systemic Disease C - Congenital disease R - Radiation O - Ocular Disease T - Trauma u - unknown M - Medications
Cataract classification - secondary:
SCROTuM
S - Systemic Disease C - Congenital disease R - Radiation O - Ocular Disease T - Trauma u - unknown M - Medications
Secondary Cataract - Ocular Disease etiologies:
Uvites, Retinitis pigmentosa
Secondary Cataract - Congenital disease etiologies:
Rubell, Phenykenouria, CMV
Secondary Cataract - Systemic Disease etiologies:
Wilson, myotonic dystrophy, DM, Hypo-parathyroid
Secondary Cataract - Medications etiologies:
Procore, Phenothiazine, Miotics (like Pilocarpine)
Subcategories of mature cataracts:
Intumescent, Hyper-mature
Intumescent cataract is manifested by____
Swelling that pushes the capsule-> pupillary aqueous block.
Hyper-mature cataract is manifested by____
swollen with risk of rupture.
Cataracts treatment:
Mydriatics, Refraction (glasses), Surgery
Indication for cataract surgery:
get RID of cataracts!
R - RD
I - Intumescent cataract.
D - DM (advanced)
Types of cataract surgery:
ICCE - with capsule (“with ice”)
ECCE - extracapsular extraction
IOL - intraocular lens.
ECCE - extracapsular extraction techniques:
Mini-nuc
Plain
Phacoemulsification
Following cataract surgery, there is no ____
accommodation
Cataract surgery anesthesia types:
DIPS:
D - Drops
I - Intra-cameral injections
P - Peri\retrobulbar injections
S - Sub-conjunctival injections
IOL - intraocular lens transplant indications:
Tear or inadequacy of the lens capsule.
IOL - intraocular lens transplant requires______
An Iris opening (lens causes pupillary block)
