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Mnemonics in Ophthalmology > Cataract > Flashcards

Cataract Flashcards

1
Q

Germinative zone of the lens cortex’s significance______

A

Epithelial cells lose their nucleus there and move deeper.

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2
Q

The outer cortex is ____ than the inner.

A

newer

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3
Q

Crystalline chemical proteolysis causes______

A

HMW protein aggregates

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4
Q

Name a Dark & Hard lens.

A

Brunecent.

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5
Q

Types of age-related cataracts:

A

Nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular.

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6
Q

What are the usual characteristics of cortical cataracts?

A

Central opacity, Bilateral, Far-sight vison problems (lens remains somewhat elastic, and can accommodate).

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7
Q

Cortical cataracts usual finding_____

A

Cortical spokes = wedge-shaped opacities, that swell with water.

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8
Q

Cortical cataracts usually presents with_____ patients

A

DM

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9
Q

Cortical cataracts may develop to ______

A

Mature cortical cataracts

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10
Q

Cortical cataracts treatment is ______

A

Capsulorhexis - contents at risk to leak to vitreous.

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11
Q

What are the usual characteristics of posterior subcapsular cataracts?

A

Patients complain of decreased night vision and near vision. Seen under direct illumination.

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12
Q

Resting pupil diameter is_____

A

3 mm

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13
Q

Posterior subcapsular cataracts etiologies:

A

STRAID

S - Steroids
T - Trauma
R - Radiation
A - age
I - Inflammation
D - DM
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14
Q

Posterior subcapsular cataracts etiologies:

A

STRAID

S - Steroids
T - Trauma
R - Radiation
A - age
I - Inflammation
D - DM
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15
Q

Posterior subcapsular cataracts may present with____, but it ______

A

Wedges, won’t reach the periphery.

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16
Q

Congenital Cataract risk factors:

A

3M Totrch milk MAN is a toxic LAD!

3 - trisomies (13, 18, 21)
M - myotonic dystrophy
Torche - ToRCHeS infections

Milk - galactokinase deficiency /classic galactosemia

M - Marfan syndrome
A - Alport syndrome
N - neurofibromatosis 2

L - Lowe
A - Aniridia/Anterior segment dysgenisis
D - Down syndrom

Toxins - steroids (rare)

17
Q

Congenital Cataract risk factors:

A

3M Totrch milk MAN is a toxic LAD!

3 - trisomies (13, 18, 21)
M - myotonic dystrophy
Torche - ToRCHeS infections

Milk - galactokinase deficiency /classic galactosemia

M - Marfan syndrome
A - Alport syndrome
N - neurofibromatosis 2

Toxins - steroids (rare)

L - Lowe
A - Aniridia/Anterior segment dysgenisis
D - Down syndrome

18
Q

A unilateral congenital cataract is manifested by____

A

PFV - Persistent fetal vasculature.

19
Q

Cataract classification - secondary:

A

SCROTuM

S - Systemic Disease
C - Congenital disease
R - Radiation
O - Ocular Disease
T - Trauma 
u - unknown
M - Medications
20
Q

Cataract classification - secondary:

A

SCROTuM

S - Systemic Disease
C - Congenital disease
R - Radiation
O - Ocular Disease
T - Trauma 
u - unknown
M - Medications
21
Q

Secondary Cataract - Ocular Disease etiologies:

A

Uvites, Retinitis pigmentosa

22
Q

Secondary Cataract - Congenital disease etiologies:

A

Rubell, Phenykenouria, CMV

23
Q

Secondary Cataract - Systemic Disease etiologies:

A

Wilson, myotonic dystrophy, DM, Hypo-parathyroid

24
Q

Secondary Cataract - Medications etiologies:

A

Procore, Phenothiazine, Miotics (like Pilocarpine)

25
Q

Subcategories of mature cataracts:

A

Intumescent, Hyper-mature

26
Q

Intumescent cataract is manifested by____

A

Swelling that pushes the capsule-> pupillary aqueous block.

27
Q

Hyper-mature cataract is manifested by____

A

swollen with risk of rupture.

28
Q

Cataracts treatment:

A

Mydriatics, Refraction (glasses), Surgery

29
Q

Indication for cataract surgery:

A

get RID of cataracts!

R - RD
I - Intumescent cataract.
D - DM (advanced)

30
Q

Types of cataract surgery:

A

ICCE - with capsule (“with ice”)
ECCE - extracapsular extraction
IOL - intraocular lens.

31
Q

ECCE - extracapsular extraction techniques:

A

Mini-nuc
Plain
Phacoemulsification

32
Q

Following cataract surgery, there is no ____

A

accommodation

33
Q

Cataract surgery anesthesia types:

A

DIPS:

D - Drops
I - Intra-cameral injections
P - Peri\retrobulbar injections
S - Sub-conjunctival injections

34
Q

IOL - intraocular lens transplant indications:

A

Tear or inadequacy of the lens capsule.

35
Q

IOL - intraocular lens transplant requires______

A

An Iris opening (lens causes pupillary block)

Mnemonics in Ophthalmology (16 decks)

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