Red Eye

Question 1

what is the most common cause of red eye

Answer 1

conjunctivitis

Question 2

what is a subconjunctival haemorrhage

Answer 2

a bleed under the conjunctiva

Question 3

what may cause a subconjunctival bleed?

Answer 3

a cough, sneeze,

Question 4

do you have to act on a subconjunctival haemorrhage?

Answer 4

no- usually self resolving

Question 5

what is orbital cellulitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the eye tissues behind the orbital septum

Question 6

how can orbital cellulitis be caused?

Answer 6

through spread of infection via sinuses

Question 7

what should you do if someone presents to you with orbital cellulitis

Answer 7

refer to opth quickly!

Question 8

is orbital cellulitis an emergency?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what would you treat orbital cellulitis with in hospital?

Answer 9

IV antibiotics

Question 10

what does conjunctiva secrete?

Answer 10

mucous

Question 11

what do the lids secrete

Answer 11

meibomian

Question 12

what is blepharitis

Answer 12

inflammation of the eyelids

Question 13

what is the cause, and what presents with anterior blepharitis

Answer 13

staph infection, seborrhoeic scales on lashes- lid margin is redder than the deeper part

Question 14

wha tis the main cause of posterior blepharitis

Answer 14

meibomian gland dysfunction

Question 15

what are the symptoms of blepharitis

Answer 15

gritty eyes, foreign body sensation, mild discharge,

Question 16

what is associated with meibomian gland disase

Answer 16

acne rosacea, cysts,

Question 17

how do you treat blepharitis

Answer 17

daily bathing of eyes, tear drops supplementary and oral doxycycline for 2-3 months

Question 18

what are the main causes of conjunctivitis

Answer 18

viral, bacterial, allergic, skin diseases

Question 19

what are symptoms of conjunctivitis

Answer 19

red eye, itchy, discharge- sticky, foreign bosy- gritty

Question 20

is vision distorted in conjunctivitis

Answer 20

no

Question 21

what would be seen in acute bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 21

red sticky eye, papillae,

Question 22

what are the most common organisms of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 22

staph aureus, strep pneumonia, H Inf

Question 23

how do you treat bacterial conjunctivits

Answer 23

antibiotics will help it disappear quicker

Question 24

what are causes of follicular conjunctivis

Answer 24

viral, chlamydial and drugs

Question 25

what would herpes simplex conjunctivitis look like?

Answer 25

watery eyes, blurry vision, red, rash, discomfort

Question 26

what is chemosis

Answer 26

conjunctival oedema

Question 27

what would an eye with an allergic reaction look like

Answer 27

red, watery

Question 28

what is keratitis

Answer 28

inflammation of the cornea

Question 29

what are causes of corneal ulcers

Answer 29

viral, fungal, bacterial, acanthamoeba, rheum arthritis, wegeners

Question 30

what are symptoms of corneal ulcers

Answer 30

pain, photophobia, lacrimation, reduced vision, red eye, HYPOPYON - white line rise up to iris

Question 31

what a re specialised causes of corneal ulcers

Answer 31

exposure keratitis, Sjogrens, H Zoster and Vit A

Question 32

how dos uo treat a corneal ulcer?

Answer 32

corneal scrape for g stain and culture. Antimicrobial if bacterial infection, antiviral if herpetic, anti inflame if autoimmune

Question 33

what are some causes of anterior uveitis (iris, ciliary body)

Answer 33

UC, Ank Spond, Sarcoidosis, leukaemia, TB, syphilis, heres x2,

Question 34

what are symptoms of anterior uveitis

Answer 34

pain, reduced vision, photophobia, red eye, hypopyon, small or irregular pupil (synechiae), flare and cells in anterior chamber

Question 35

how do you treat anterior uveitis

Answer 35

topical steroids, mydriatics and assess systemic complications

Question 36

what is episcleritis

Answer 36

inflammation of the outside of the sclera

Question 37

what is episcleritis associated with

Answer 37

gout

Question 38

is scleritis an essential diagnosis or naw?

Answer 38

yes!!

Question 39

what is scleritis associated with

Answer 39

wegeners, rh arthritis

Question 40

how do you treat episcleritis

Answer 40

self limiting, lubricants/ NSAIDS/ mild steroids

Question 41

how do you treat scleritis

Answer 41

oral NSAIDS, oral steroids | steroid sparing agents

Question 42

who is at risk of glaucoma

Answer 42

long sighted old folk

Question 43

what are some symptoms of closed angle acute glaucoma

Answer 43

severe pain and nausea, cloudy cornea, dilated pupil and eye is stonyhard