Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Opthamology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what do topical administrations require

A

corneal penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is the corneal epithelium lipophilic or lipophobic

A

lipophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is the storm lipophilic or lipophobic

A

lipophobic (remember the sandwich)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

do lipid soluble drugs penetrate epithelium

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

do water soluble drugs penetrate epithelium?

A

nooo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why is chloramphenicol special in terns of penetrating the cornea

A

it is both lipophilic and hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what must topical steroids be to enter cornea

A

both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does alcohol do to steroids

A

make it more hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does phosphate do to steroids

A

makes it more hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

so is prednisolone acetate more hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when’s prednisolone acetate used

A

in post op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

does prednisolone acetate have good penetration of uninflamed cornea?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what property does prednisolone phosphate have

A

hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when is prednisolone phosphate used

A

corneal disease or when low dose steroids needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what drug is used as a corneal penetration enhancement

A

benzalkonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is Bimatropost used to treat

A

intra ocular pressure in glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do you limit systemic absorption of steroids

A

close your eyes at the tear duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when would you use subconjunctival administration

A

glaucoma in steroids or antibiotics with low hydrophobicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what drug is mainly used to treat infections

A

chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when is aciclovir used

A

to treat dendritic ulcers of cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is mainly used to treat inflammation of the eye

A

dexamethasone and Predsol- N (prednisolone?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when are steroids typically used

A

post op cataracts, uveitis, prevent corneal graft rejection

23
Q

what does iritis look like when a slit lamp is shone on it

A

lots of white dots

24
Q

Should you give steroids in a sore eye

A

noooooo

25
Q

should you give steroids in temporal arteritits

A

yes

26
Q

what do patients with temporal arteritis complain of

A

jaw pain and headaches

27
Q

what are local side effects of steroids

A

cataracts, glaucoma, viral infection

28
Q

what are systemic affects of steroids

A

gastric ulceration, immunosuppression, osteoporosis, diabetes and weight gain

29
Q

when should NSAIDS be used

A

after refractive laser surgery

30
Q

what is glaucoma

A

a group of diseases characterised by progressive optic neuropathy caused by raised intra ocular pressure

31
Q

Glaucoma progresses fast, true or false

A

false- it progresses slwoly

32
Q

is glaucoma reversible

A

no

33
Q

what is th gold standard medication in glaucoma

A

Prostanoids- Latanoprost

34
Q

what do beta blockers do in the eye

A

block ciliary body

35
Q

what do alpha agonists do

A

increase outflow of pressure- Brimodine

36
Q

what does pilocarpine/ parasymathomimetic do

A

pulls the iris in tight

37
Q

when is intravitreal administration used

A

administering antibiotics in endophthamitis

38
Q

what usually causes endophthalmitis

A

in surgery, endogenous

39
Q

what is also delivered through intravitreal administration

A

anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (anti VEGF)

40
Q

what does local anaesthetic do pharmacologically

A

blocks sodium channels and impedes nerve conduction

41
Q

when is local anaesthetic used

A

foreign body removal, tonometry (IOP measurement), corneal scraping and comfort

42
Q

what is the most common dye used for diagnoses

A

flourescein

43
Q

what does using fluorescein show

A

corneal abrasion

44
Q

what is fluorescein dye used for

A

identifying corneal abrasions, angiography, nasolacrimal duct obstruction and tonometry

45
Q

what do mydriatics do to the pupil

A

dilate them

46
Q

how do mydriatics work

A

block parasympathetic supply to iris

47
Q

what are side effects of mydriatics

A

blurring, acute glaucoma (v v rare)

48
Q

what do sympathomimetics do q

A

act on sympathetic system, causing pupils to dilate

49
Q

do sympathomimetics affect the ciliary muscle

A

no

50
Q

give an example of sympathomimetics

A

atropine or phenylephrine

51
Q

can steroids cause cataracts

A

YES

52
Q

what is used to treat maculopathy

A

hydroxycholorquine

53
Q

what is used to treat optic neuropathy

A

ethambutanol

Opthamology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions