Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Opthamology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between a supraorbital notch and a foramen

A

a foramen is a hole whereas a notch is a ‘c’ shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what foramina do you have above and below the eye

A

supraorbital foramen and infraorbital foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is the optic canal closer to the medial or lateral side

A

medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the frontal and ethmoid bone called close to the bon orbit

A

orbital plate of the ethmoid and frontal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what makes up the orbital rim

A

Superiorly- frontal bone
Inferiorily maxilla
Medial- ethmoid
lateral-sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the apex

A

optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is the orbit protected from ‘blows’

A

superior orbital margin and the inferior orbital margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which bones are commonly affected by orbital blowout fractureds

A

ethmoid and maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is the eyeball stay intact

A

it is surrpounded by periorbital fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what feature can be damaged in a blowout fracture

A

infraorbital neurovascular bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is th emuscle that surrounds the eye

A

orbicularis oculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 2 parts to the orbicularis oculi muslce

A

orbital- external part and palpebral- inner part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the superior tendom that holds the eye in place

A

tendon of levator palpebrae superioris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the longitudinal muscles that run near the palpebral part

A

inferior and superior tarsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what attaches the eye to the nasal bone

A

medial palpebral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what attaches the lateral part of eye to sockewt

A

lateral palpebral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is th etarsal gland within

A

tarsal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what dose th etarsal gland do

A

stop the eyelids sticking together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what colour is the cornea

A

clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the cornea cover

A

the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where is the lacrimal gland situated

A

jjust under the outer eyebrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where is the limbus

A

the junction between the cornea and sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the clear covered in

A

conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the conjunctival formix

A

the junction between the conjunctival membrane of eyeball and eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the black dot present on your bottom eyelid in particular

A

puncta- drains lacrimal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what collects in the lacrimal lake

A

gunge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the nerve innervation to the lacrimal gland

A

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how does the lacrimal fluid drain into the inferior meatus

A

down through the lacrimal puncta into the nasolacrimal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is th epupil

A

a hole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what type of layer is the outer layer of the eye

A

fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the 2 parts to the fibrous layer

A

sclera- muscle attachment and cornea- 2/3 of refractive power- focus light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the vascular layer of the eye called

A

uvea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the 3 parts that make up the uvea

A

iris- pupil diameter, ciliary body- controls iris, shape of lens, choroid- nutrition and gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the inner layer of eye called?

A

retina (photosensitive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the 3 parts of the retina that we have to know about

A

macula, optic disc and retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

where is the anterior segment

A

infront of the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the anterior segment split into

A

posterior- iris and suspensory ligaments and anterior chamber- between the cornea and iris. BOTH contain aqueous humour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

where does the posterior segment lie

A

behind the lens, 2/3rds of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is contained within the posterior segment

A

vitreous body- vitreous humour, common ‘floaters’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

where is the iridocorneal angle in comparison to the limbus

A

in the anterior chamber of the eye, whereas limbus is between the sclera and cornea externally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how does the aqueous humour get to both anterior and posterior chambers

A

1- ciliary body secretes aqueous humour
2- aqueous circulates in the posterior chamber- nourishes lens
3- aqueous then passes into anterior chamber though the pupil and nourishes cornea
4- aqueous is reabsorbed into scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is the fundus

A

posterior area where light is focused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what does the funds contain

A

optic disc, macula and fovea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what happens at the optic disc

A

CN II formation, blind spot as no photoreceptors here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the macula good for

A

greatest number of cones- help to see in daylight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what is the fovea

A

centre of the macula- acute vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what happens if there is a disruption to the flow of central artery?

A

monocular blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what happens when interruption to retinal artery occurs

A

loss of an area/ visual field defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

where do the retinal arteries and veins lie in relation to the retina

A

anterior

50
Q

what lies beneath the retina?

A

ganglion cells and then underneath them are the photoreceptors

51
Q

In the visual pathway, what area MUST switch over att hepatic chiasm

A

nasal retina

52
Q

what branch does the internal carotid artery give off?

A

ophthalmic artery

53
Q

what 2 things does the thalamic artery split up into

A

central artery and ciliary arteries

54
Q

what does the central vein artery lead to/away

A

only artery/ vein to retina

55
Q

what are the 7 extra ocular muscles

A

superior, inferior, laterala and medial rectus- all from common tendinous ring, superior oblique and inferior oblique which inserts onto sclera and elevator palpebral superioris

56
Q

what is the acronym to remember the somatic motor innervation of the External ocular muscles

A

LR6 SO4 AO3
lateral rectus- CN6
superior orbital- CN4
all others CN 3

57
Q

what eyeball movements can the vertical axis do

A

abduction and adduction

58
Q

what movements bring about the transverse axis

A

depression and elevation

59
Q

what does the anteroposterior axis di

A

intorsion/ extorsion

60
Q

what does the superior rectus do

A

elevate only

61
Q

what does th inferior rectus do

A

depress only

62
Q

what does the superior oblique do

A

depress only

63
Q

what does the inferior oblique do

A

elevate only

64
Q

what does the lateral rectus do

A

only abduct eyeball

65
Q

what CN leads to lateral rectus

A

CN VI

66
Q

what CN lead stop superior orblique

A

CN 4

67
Q

what muscles achieve pure elevation

A

superior rectus and inferior oblique

68
Q

what muscles achieve pure depression,

A

superior oblique and inferior rectus

69
Q

if the zygoma was fractured,w which way would the eye move?

A

medially towards orbit floor

70
Q

what does the suspensory ligament of the eye do

A

fascial sling that suspends the eye just above the orbit floor

71
Q

what happens when the eye gets lowered to orbital floor due to zygoma fracture?

A

diplopia (double vision)

72
Q

Again when a fractured zygoma exists, what can happen to infraorbital NVB

A

infraorbital NVB inside canal can be damaged and result in a loss of general sensory deficit of facial skin

73
Q

What does CN V1 supply

A

the upeprlid, cornea and conjunctiva, skin/root of nose

74
Q

what does CN V2 supply

A

lower lid, maxilla, ala of nose and skin/ mucosa of upper lip

75
Q

What does CNV3 supply

A

skin over mandible and TMJ

76
Q

what is infraorbital nerve a branch of

A

CN V2

77
Q

what is the afferent sensory supply of the blink reflex

A

CN V1

78
Q

what are the efferent motor supply

A

CNV1 and CNVII

79
Q

what gets released in presynaptic sympathetic trunk

A

acetylcholine

80
Q

what gets released in sympathetic post synaptic ganglion

A

noradrenaline

81
Q

what happens during sympathetic transmission from brain to organ

A

travel down spinal cord and exit spinal cord at level T1-L2 then along into the cerival sympathetic ganglia uo to superior ganglion where they synapse. They enter internal and external carotid nerve and pass onto surface with internal nd external carotid arteries.

82
Q

what is the ophthalmic artery a branch of

A

internal carotid artery

83
Q

what is the stellate ganglion

A

the inferior cervical and 1st thoracic ganglia

84
Q

where do the cervical ganglions lie

A

in retropharyngeal space

85
Q

what cranial nerves do parasympathetic axons travel along

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

86
Q

What does the presynaptic and postsynaptic axon release in parasympathetic

A

acetylcholine both times

87
Q

where is the gmcglion located in parasympathetic axons

A

in the organ itself

88
Q

where does CN III go to?

A

eye

89
Q

what is the ganglion called in CN III route

A

ciliary ganglion in orbit

90
Q

what does CN VII innervate

A

lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

91
Q

what does CN IX innervate

A

parotid salivary glands

92
Q

what does the CN X supply

A

parasympathetic axons to organs of neck/ chest abdomen

93
Q

where do sacral spinal nerves get carried to

A

hind gut, pelvis, perineum

94
Q

what does CN III innervate

A

superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique, levator palpeerde superiors and presynaptic parasympathetic axons to ciliary ganglion

95
Q

what does the superior branch of CN III innervate

A

Superior rectus, levator palpeerde superioris

96
Q

what does the inferior branch of CN III innervate

A

inferior rectus, inferior oblique and medial rectus

97
Q

what innervates lateral rectus muscle

A

CN VI

98
Q

what supplies the superior oblique

A

CN IV

99
Q

what do long ciliary nerves form

A

the first part of the afferent limb of blink reflex

100
Q

what are the cranial nerves involved in the vestibuo- ocular reflex

A

CN III, IV, VI, VIII

101
Q

what is the oculocardiac reflex

A

reflex bradycardia in response to tension on extra ocular muscles or pressure on the eye- CN V1 and X

102
Q

what are the 4 sympathetic functions of the eye

A

open eyes wider, get ore light into eyes, focus on far objects and emotional lacrimation

103
Q

what are the 4 parasympathetic functions

A

allow orbiculares oculi to work, get less light into eye, focus on near objects and reflex lacrimation

104
Q

what type of muscles makes up elevator palpebral superioris

A

skeletal and smooth

105
Q

what dilates the pupil

A

sympathetic activity

106
Q

what is a mydriatic pupuil

A

non physiologically enlarged pupil

107
Q

what type of drug induces dilation of pupil

A

mydriatic drugs

108
Q

what is the bicycle spokes like fibres called that surround the external circumference of the iris

A

dilator pupillae fibres

109
Q

what is th smooth fibres called that surrounds the internal circumference of iris

A

dilator pupillae fibres

110
Q

what is a ‘pinpoint pupil’ and example of

A

opiate drug use- serious pathological sign

111
Q

what do parasympathetics do to the pupil

A

constrict it

112
Q

what is a non physiologically constricted pupil called

A

miotic pupil- Horners syndrome

113
Q

what is the light reflex called in the non stimulated eye called?

A

consensual

114
Q

what is the special sensory ipsilateral afferent limb of reflex called?

A

optic nerve

115
Q

what is the motor limb in the bilateral eyes reflex called?

A

CN III

116
Q

what do the ciliary muscles do in far vision

A

relax

117
Q

what do the ciliary muscles do in short vision

A

contract

118
Q

what is the accommodation reflex

A

response to near- combines bilateral pupillary constriction CNIII, bilateral convergence III, bilateral relaxation of lens

119
Q

what are the 3 types of tears

A

basal, reflex and emotional

120
Q

what are reflex tears

A

extra tears in response to mechanical or chemical stimulation. Afferent- CN V1, efferent is CN VII

Opthamology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions