Red cell membrane and its congenital disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of RBC weight is accounted for by red cell memebrane

A

1%

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2
Q

Functions of red cell memebrane

A

Maintains RBC integrity
provides flexibility so RBC can adjudt its shape\
Durability
Tensile strength
Maintains its structure
Metabolism
Acid base hemeostasis through pumps present in it

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3
Q

Cell membrane bilipid layer made mainly of

A

Cholesterol
Phospholipids
integral proteins for tensile strength and flexibility
Membrane skeleton for structure

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4
Q

lipids make up this percentage of red cell membrane

A

50-60%

Mainly phosphatidyl choline; inositol; serine; ethanolamine
Sphingomyelin

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5
Q

Function of cholesterol in membrane

A

Ensures membrane fluidity

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6
Q

Phospholipids distribution in Red cell membrane

A

Asymetrically distributed

phosphatidyl serine; ethanolamine inwards

Phosphatidyl choline , sphingomyelin outwards

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7
Q

Membrane proteins of red cell

A
  1. integral membrane proteins
    eg .Band 3,Glycophorins ,Kidd ,Duffy, Rh proteins, Lutheran glycoprotein

2.Peripheral membrane proteins
eg sceptrin, ankyrin, protein 4.1, protein 4.2

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8
Q

Integral memebrane proteins

A

, a permanent part of membrane

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9
Q

most abundant integral glycoprotein

A

Glycophorin

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10
Q

Glycophorin receptors

A

provide acces for various infectious agents including plasmodium falciparum

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11
Q

Glycophorins

A

carry a number of blood group antigens

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12
Q

Major anion exchanger in cell membrane

A

Band 3

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13
Q

Peripheral protiens are

A

Transiently binding proteins that attach either to integral proteins or membrane itself

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14
Q

Spectrin has how many subunits

A
  1. alpha and beta
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15
Q

Spectrin binds the following proteins

A

Protein 4.1
Ankyrin
Actin

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16
Q

Function of spectrin

A

Maintains cellular shape

Structural support

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17
Q

Function of ankyrin

A

Provides primary linkage between membrane skeleton via spectrin binding
Provided primary linkage between lipid bilayer via band 3

18
Q

Abnormalities of ankyrin produces

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

19
Q

Protein 4.1 function

A

Links spectrin actin membrane skeleton to lipid bilayer

20
Q

Protein 4.2 function

A

Stabilizes spectrin -actin - ankyrin association with band 3

21
Q

in membrane organization; vertical interactions

A

stabilize lipid bilayer

22
Q

in membrane organization horizontal interactions

A

maintain structure of cell membrane and gives it a high tensile strength

23
Q

Defects in red cell membrane leading to hemolytic anemia

A

hereditary spherocytosis
hereditary elliptocytosis
hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

24
Q

What is hereditary spherocytosis

A

A membrane defect that makes RBC spherical with increased osmotic fragility

25
Q

What sex is affected most by hereditary spherocytosis

A

Both sexes affected equally

26
Q

What membrane protein deficiency causes hereditary spherocytosis

A

Ankyrin, spectrin, protein 4.2

Also proteins involved in vertical interactions

27
Q

Pathophysiology of hereditary spherocytosis

A

Defects in proteins involved in vertical interactions between membrane skeleton and lipid bilayer—>release of parts of lipid bilayer not supported by membrane skeleton—>Become spherical and less flexible—>difficult to pass through splenic microcirculation—>slowly passes through splenic microcirculation–>Ample time is gotten in this environment of low pH and glucose to break it down

28
Q

potassium and water levels in hereditary spherocytosis

A

diminished

29
Q

Clinical features of hereditary spherocytosis

A

Late detection
Symptoms of anemia is slight, Hb doesnt fall below 7.5g/dl
Jaundice
Splenomegaly
Gall stones
Leg ulcers
Aplastic anemia precipitated by parvovirus

30
Q

Lab findings for hereditary spherocytosis

A
Aneamia
Numerous spherocytes with no area of central pallor and decreased diameter
high MCHC
high osmotic fragility
Mean cell fragility greater than 0.45
high reticulocyte count
31
Q

Management of hereditary spherocytosis

A

folic acid

Splenectomy if severe

32
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis common in

A

people of North European descent

33
Q

Hereditary elliptocytosis common in

A

People of african and mediterranean descentdescent

34
Q

Hereditary elliptocytosis confers resistance to this disease

A

Malaria

35
Q

People with Hereditary elliptocytosis usually present as

A

Asymptomatic or with severe life threatening situation

36
Q

Method of inheritance of hereditary elliptocytosis

A

Autosomal dominant

37
Q

is hereditary spherocytosis milder than hereditary elliptocytosis

A

no. less cases of splenectomy recorded in elliptocytosis

38
Q

Defects in what interactions cause hereditary elliptocytosis

A

horizontal interactions

39
Q

Management of hereditary elliptocytosis

A

Because its usually mild, its asymptomatic and detected accidentally.

Those with severe symptoms can however undergo splenectomy or blood transfusions

40
Q

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis is seen in these patients

A

burn patients