Aplastic anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is aplastic anaemia

A

Pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow in the absence of an infiltrate (no tumor) and no increase in reticulin( shows no fibrosis)

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2
Q

Classification of aplastic anemia

A

Primary

Secondary

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3
Q

Primary aplastic anemia

A

Congenital or acquired

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4
Q

Secondary aplastic anemia

A

Occurs as a result of injury to blood stem cells

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of aplastic anemia

A

A problem with the hematopoietic stem cell that will cause it not to do its work.

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6
Q

Causes of congenital aplastic anemia

A
Fanconi anemia
Dyskeratosis congenital
Schwachman diamond syndrome
Reticular dysgenesis
Pearsons syndrome
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7
Q

Most common inherited aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi anemia

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8
Q

Method of inheritance of fanconi anemia

A

Autosomal recessive

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9
Q

Clinical features of fanconi anemia

A

Somatic abnormalities - horseshoe kidney, absent thumb, hypoplastic gonads

Progressive bone marrow failuire

Increased risk of malignancies

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10
Q

Diagnosis of fanconi anemia

A

Pancytopenia
Trephine biopsy
chromosomal fragility test

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11
Q

Gene deficiency in Dyskeratosis congenita

A

DKC1 gene

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12
Q

Method of inheritance of dyskeratosis congenita

A

X linked recessive disorder

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13
Q

Clinical features of dyskeratosis congenita

A

Muco cutaneous triad - abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, mucosal leukoplakia

Non cutaneous abnormalities - developmental delay, pulmonary dx, early greying , deaf

Bone marrow failuire by 20

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14
Q

Management of dyskeratosis congenita

A

Androgens

HSCT

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15
Q

Method of inheritance in schwachmann diamond syndrome

A

Autosomal recessive disorder

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16
Q

SDS is caused by mutation in what gene

A

sds gene

17
Q

clinical features of SDS

A

Bone marrow failuire
somatic abnormalities i.e cleft palate,potruding abdomen,short
exocrine pancreas insufficiency

18
Q

Management of sds

A

oral pancreatic enzyme
HSCT
supportive care

19
Q

Idiopathic aplastic anemia

A

Occurs due to immune mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cell

20
Q

Age distribution for idiopathic aplastic anemia

A

10-25

60

21
Q

Management for idiopathic aplastic anemia

A

HSCT
IMMUNOSUPPRESIVE THERAPY
SUPPORTIVE CARE

22
Q

Clinical features of aplastic anemia

A

symptoms due to pancytopenia

no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly

23
Q

Secondary aplastic anemia aetiology

A
  • ionizing radiation
  • chemicals
  • drugs - antibiotics, anticonvulsants, alkylating agents, -hypoglycemic agents
  • viruses - EBV, Hepatitis
  • SLE
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • celiac disease
  • siogrens synfrome
24
Q

Management of secondary aplastic anemia

A

Withdraw aetiologic agent
supportive care
treat underlying condition