blood donation Flashcards
Types of donation
Whole blood donation
Apheresis donation
Autologous blood donation
Principles of donor selection
- blood shouldnt harm donor
- donated blood loss can be restored rapidly and completely
- Blood must harn recipient
Types of blood donors
Voluntary donors- do it out of freewill
Replacement donors– come in to donate for sick relative
commercial donors- do it for money
Blood donation process
Predonation
blood donation
postdonation
pre donation process
- Donor is screened
- goes through eligibility criteria
- deferral criteria,
- If approved signs consent form
- medical examination
How is blood processed
- Blood is screened for
- HIV 1 and 2
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Syphillis - Blood is seperated into components
Blood components
Packed RBC FFP Cryo-precipitates platelet concentrates granulocytes other plasma derivatives
Blood transfusion is
The clinical usage of large range therapeutic products prepared by blood centre from whole blood or pooled human plasma
TRansfusion chain
Request for transfusiom–> sent for pre transfusion compatibility testing–.>Sample collected to ward after testing—>Administration of blood
In the process of blood administration
Documentation of transfusion
care and monitoring of transfusion patient
Manage and report adverse transfusion events
Specification of staff responsible for transfusion
Considerations for blood transfusions
Does patient need blood product
Are there alternatives that can achieve same results
Has the right blood product been selected
In sample collection
Avoid prelabelling tubes
No sample from preexisting iv line
First choice of whole blood for every group
Is that same groups blood. i.e blood group A donor gives blood to blood group A recipient
Blood group AB is
A universal recipient
Blood group O
a universal donor
Blood group O 2nd,3rd,4th choice of donor
none
Blood group A and B 2nd choice of donor
O
Blood group A and B 3rd,4th choice of donor
none
Blooed group AB second choice of donor
A
Blood group AB third choice of donor
B
Blood group AB 4th choice of donor
O
blood group O 2nd choice for platelets
AB
Blood group O 3rd choice for platelets
A
Blood group O 4th choice for platelets
B
Blood group A 2nd choice - platellets
AB
Blood group A 3rd choice-platelets
B
A 4th choice- platelets
O
B second choice for platelets
AB
B 3rd choice- platelets
A
B 4th choice platelets
O
AB second choice- platelets
A
AB 3rd choice- platelets
B
AB 4th choice platelets
O
Dangerous universal donors
Those with high anti-A and anti B causing high hemolytic potential
Start transfusion slowly at a rate of
2ml/min
Check for vital signs
within 15 mins
Transfuse for a total of
4hrs
Why do component therapy
Provides optimum survival for each component
Allows transfusing specific blood components according to need of patient
Eliminates use of contraindicated component which might be harmful to recipient
Indications for whole blood
Cases where Hb and blood volume needs to rise at same time
- Acute massive blood loss
Severe anemia
Exchange blood transfusion of neonates
1 unit of cocentrated red cells raises hb by
1g/dl
Indications for platelet transfusion
- Bleeding due to thrombocytopenia
- Active bleeding with platelet count less than 50 times 10 raised to 9/L
- Prevention of spontaneous bleeding with counts less than20 times 10 raised to the power 9 per liter
- Inpending surgery involving CNS, eye, spine where counts are less than 100 times 10 raised to 9
- Open heart surgery with counts less than 150 times 10 raised to the power 9
- Treatment of platelet defects i.e ITP, HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Survival of platelets in ITP
brief
FFPs contain
All coagulation factors
No need for cross matching
FFps used in
- treatment of clotting deficiencies
-Haemolytic ureamic syndrome
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Liver dx
DIC
Warfarin overdose
Coagulation factor depletion in massive transfusion
Cryoprecipitate
Rich in FVIII, fibrinogen, FXIII and vWF
No need for cross match
Used immediately when thawed
Indications of cryoprecipitate
Haemophilia A
Good source of fibrinogen in DIC
von willebrand factor deficiency
Factor 13 deficiency
Blood must be transfused slowly in
infants
elderly
patients with cardiovascular dx
risk of fluid overload