Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > hodgkins lymphoma > Flashcards

hodgkins lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

What is hodgkins lymphoma

A

lymphoid neoplasms affecting lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Morphology of hodgkins lymphoma

A

large dysplastic mononuclear and multinucleated cells surrounded by a variable mixture mature non neoplastic inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma will usually present with

A

Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

History of hodgkins

A

Thomas hodgkin in 1832 following affected lymph glands in postmoterm cases

dOROTHY REED and carl stenberg identified abnormal cell that defines HL in 1898

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnostic features of HD

A

Reed Stenberg cells and its variations in cancerous area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hodgkins cancerous cells overproduce this cytokine

A

IL-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cancerous R-S cells origin

A

B origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Virus that causes HL

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nucleus in R-S cell

A

Bi or multinucleate with prominent nucleolus in each nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Other hodgkins cells apart from R-S cells are

A

Mononucleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Affected lymph node morphology

A

Scattered tumour cells mixed with reactive lymphocytes,plasma cells, macrophages,neutrophils,eosinophils, with variable amount of fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hodgkin disease sex distributuion

A

M>F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HL and age

A

Increased incidence with age, peaks at third decade, then a decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Classical hodkins dx accounts for what percentage of hodgkins lymphoma

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peak incidence in hodgkins dx

A

between ages 15-35

and another peak in late life for all subtypes than nodular sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nodular sclerosis occurs mostly in

A

Young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Occupational risks foe HL

A

Wood dust
Benzene exposure
Nitrous oxide as dental anaesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Highest incidence of EB virus association

A

Mixed cellularity HD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This confers a 5 fold elevated risk of HD

A

HIV

20
Q

This karyotype is found rarely in HD

A

t(14;18)

21
Q

EBV has its strongest association with

A

children, elderly with mixed cellularity

22
Q

This is expressed in R-S cells of patients with HD

A

bcl-2

23
Q

Molecular studies for HL

A

R-S CELLS. Difficult, since R-S cells only make up 2% of total cells in node with HD

Also, point mutations in p53 gene using PCR

24
Q

What cytokines are present in HD

A

IL 1-9
TGF-BETA
TNF

25
Q

TGF-BETA

A

Produced by eosinophils and is the source of fibrosis in nodular sclerosis

26
Q

Clinical features of HL

A

Peripheral lymphadenopathy in 1 or 2 lymph nodes
Spread is contiguous along lymph node
drenching night sweats
fever
weight loss
Alcohol induced pain in lymph nodes
Mediastinal involvement in young adults i.e cough,chest pain, dyspnea

27
Q

Classification of HL

A

Nodular lymphocyte HL

Classical HL

28
Q

Classical HL features

A

90% OF ALL HL cases

peak incidence 15-35 and a second peak in late life

29
Q

Rye classification of HL- Classical

A

Lymphocyte rich
Nodular sclerosisng
Mixed cellularity
Lymphocyte depleted

30
Q

Morpholy of lymphocyte rich

A

Small lymphocytes
few eosinophils
R-S cells
mononuclear cells

5%

31
Q

Nodular sclerosing morphology

A

lymph nodes divided by broad band of connective tissue into nodules

Nodules contain a mixture of R-S cells, mononuclear H cells,plasma cells,macrphages, eosinophils

70%

32
Q

Mixed cellularity morphology

A

R-S cells readily seen
fibrosis
focal necrosis

mononuclear H CELLS, PLASMA CELLS, MACROPHAGES, EOSINOPHILS

20-25%

33
Q

Lymphocyte depleted morphology

A

R-S cells
few lymphocytes
Abundant mononuclear Hodgkins cells

less than 2%

34
Q

Nodular lymphocyte predominant percentage

A

10%

expresses B cell markers

35
Q

This type of CLASSICAL HL is present in stage 3-4

A

Lymphocyte depleted

36
Q

Basement membrane involvement is common in

A

Lymphocyte depleted

37
Q

Relatively more commom in HIV patients is

A

Lymphocyte depleted

38
Q

Ann abor staging system

A

I- disease in only one LN area
II- Dx in 2 or more LN area on same side of diaphragm
III-Dx in LN areas of both sides of diaphragm
3i- involvement of splenic,portal,celiac nodes
3ii- Involvement of para-aortic,iliac, mesenteric nodes
IV-Extensive dx in liver,bone marrow, other extranodal sites

39
Q

Diagnosis of HD

A 
History/physical exam
lymph node biopsy
FBC and comment
Bone marrow for staging
LDH, Uric acid
imaging for spleen size
Chest Xray for intrathoracic involvement
CT
40
Q

Poor prognosis markers

A 
Males
Age greater than 50
Advanced dx
Low serum albumin conc
anaemia
41
Q

Chemotherapt

A

at stage 1A- field radiotherapy and chemotherapy

all other stages - chemotherapy plus adjuvant radiotherapy

42
Q

Combination therapy for advanced dx

A

COPP- cyclophosphamide, oncovin, prednisolone, procabazine

ABVD- Andriamycin, Bleomycin, Vincristine, Darcabazine

43
Q

tREATMENT OF CHOICE

A

ABVD

44
Q

Why is ABVD preferred

A

less toxic
rarely causes sterility
secondary leukemia less

45
Q

Antibody for relapsed / refractory dx

A

Brentuximab

46
Q

How do you evaluate response

A

Clinical examination and repitition of abnormal exam in initial stages

Evaluate after 3-4 courses of chemo

scan for residual dx

palpate for masses in residual dx

47
Q

How many ppl with HL can approximately be cured

A

85%

Haematology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions