Recreational Drugs Flashcards
What is the MOA of marijuana? why is it more toxic in dogs?
interact with CB1 (brain) and CB2 (peripheral)
dogs have more CB1 receptors
What are the clinical signs of marijuana toxicity? What is the duration and the peak?
effects in 30-60min
peak in 2-3h
depression, sleepy, disorientation, mydriasis, vomiting, hypothermia, incoordination/ataxia, hyperesthesia, urinary incontinence, bradycardia
lessoften:
apprehension, hyperexcitability, tremors, seizures, tachycardia, hyperthermia, vocalize, severe depression, hypoventillation, stupor/coma
What is the Dx for marijuana toxicity?
no specific lab test
- human dipstick unreliable
- clin signs and Hx
What is the treatment for marijuana toxicity?
emesis, AC monitor vitals (CV and resp) S&S care Iv fluids, electrolytes lipid emulsion antiemetics sedation (diazapam) keep warm and quiet
What is the Px for marijuana toxicity?
good with recovery in 24 to 5 days
What are the therapeutic uses of marijuana?
anxiety, pain, nausea
What are the problems with marijuana use in pets today?
there is no quality control
little THC could be a lot
What are methylaxanthines?
alkaloids
caffeine
theophylline (tea)
theobromine (chocolate)
how toxic is caffeine (generally)?
around 10 pills - LD50
1/2tsp = LD50 for 40lb dog
How do chocolate types rank in toxicity? what else affects toxicity?
baking > dark > milk > white
size of the dog
Whats the rule of thumb for chocolate toxicity?
1 oz (30g) / lb body weight for milk chocolate
10% of that for baking
30% of that for dark
Whats the LD50 for chocolate orally? in mg/kg?
250-500mg theobromine/kg
What are the general clinical effects of chocolate poisoning?
main:
- cerebral and cortical stim
- myocardial contraction
- smooth muscle relaxation
What are the clinical affects of chocolate at 1-4 hours?
hyperactive, pacing, panting, tremors, vomit and diarrhea, urination, tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia
What are the clinical signs chocolate at the hours following 1-4?
cardiac arrhythmias, muscle rigidity and ataxia, hyperreflexia and CNS excitation
What are the critical signs and at what time period does this occur?
coma, terminal seizures
death in 18 hours - 3-4d from cardiac or resp failure
What is the treatment for chocolate poisoning? prognosis?
decontam - emesis or GL - AC - IV fluids S&S care - control seizures and excitation - monitor HR, BP, resp function
signs persist 12-36h
prognosis: good if caught early
How does nicotine products vary in nicotine content?
cigarettes (10-30mg) cigars (100-450 mg) chew (13-17mg/gram) patch (1-120mg) gum (2-4)
What is the mechanism of action of nicotine poisoning?
mimic acetylcholine –> stim post synaptic nicotinic receptors in CNS. auto NS and NMJ
high dose:
- persistant stim –> persistant depolarization of nerves and muscles with exhaustion and failure
About how many nicotine “products” are toxic for 40lb dog?
2 cigars
< 1 pack
20g chew
patches cause prolonged exposure (not usually lethal)
how is nicotine absorbed/excreted?
MM, skin rapidly
renal
What are the initial clinical signs of nicotine?
GI effects (salivation, vomiting, diarrhea)
What CV affects are seen with nicotine poisoning?
mixed
activation of sym and parasym systems
What are the general clinical signs of nicotine poisoning?
CNS stim/ecitation
- tremors, agitation, incoordination, seizures)
followed by CNS depres
- depolarizing block of NMJ leading to weaknes and paralysis
What causes death and how long does it take?
18-24h or faster
death from cardiac arrest or resp paralysis
What is the Tx and Px of nicotine poisoning?
decomtam
- emesis/GL
- AC
- cathartic
- IV, increase urinary excretion
- endoscopic removal of patch
monitor heart rate and BP, seizure control, resp support
prognosis poor for high doses if not stabilized within 4h
