Household Plants Flashcards
What plants contain oxalates and what is the toxic principle?
caladium, dumbcane, philodendron
calcium oxalate crystals +/- proteolytic enzymes
What part of oxalate plants are toxic?
idioblastic cells
when bitten will explode and crystals go into mouth
What is the MOA of calcium oxalate crystals in caladium, philodendron etc?
needle like Ca oxalate raphides + proteolytic enzymes
release inflammatory mediators
what is the toxic level and where are the idoblastic cells located in caladium and philodendron?
mild toxicity
leaves or stems
what are the clinical signs of calcium oxalate crystal toxicity?
salivation, head shaking, oral pain, swelling of oral mucosa, dyspnea
colic, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration
rare systemic effects
What is the Dx of caladium and philodendron?
clinical signs
history
What is the Tx for caladium and philodendron?
rinse mouth, oral calcium
antihistamines
S&S care
vomiting/diarrhea typically resolves in h to d
What is the toxic principle in poinsettia and where is it found in the plant?
Diterpene ester
leaves and stems (milk)
What is the MOA of Poinsettia (diterpene ester)?
Gi irritation
What is the toxicity/conditions of Poinsettia (diterpene ester)?
mild
dogs,cats, birds that chew on leaves or stems
would have to eat alot
What are the clinical signs of poinsettia?
rapid onset of oral irritation –> hypersalivation
vomiting diarrhea
What is teh Dx of poinsettia?
clinical signs, history
What is the Tx of poinsettia?
GI decontam - GI protectant - fluids if alot AC, saline cathartic S&S care
what is the Px of poinsettia poisoning?
full recovery
usually a phone call
What is the toxic principle of mistletoe?
phoratoxin (toxalbumin) - like ricin
viscumin (toxalbumin)
viscotoxin (peptide)
What is the MOA of phoratoxin, viscumin and viscotoxin?
phoratoxin - inhibits protein synthesis
Viscumin - aggulitinates RBC
Viscotoxin - stimulates smooth and skeletal muscle directly
What is the toxicity/conditions of mistletoe?
> = 3 berries may be lethal to dog
all species
used as abortifacient
What are the clinical signs of mistletoe?
delayed several hours
initial: colic, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, hypothermia
mydriasis, delirium, ataxia, hyperesthesia, seizures
dyspnea, hypotention, bradycardia –> tachycardia –> CV collapse (death)
coma –> death
What is the Dx of mistletoe?
clinical signs, history
What is the Tx for mistletoe?
aggressive GI decontam
AC, saline cathartic
S&S
what is the Px for mistletoe?
usually self limiting
good prog
What is the toxic principle in autumn crocus? what part?
colchicine (alkaloid)
all parts, esp corm and seeds
What is the MOA of autumn crocus (colchicine)?
binds to tubulin
- disrupts microtubule-dependent processes (spindle formation, intracellular transport)
- rapidly diving cells most sensitive
What is the toxicity/conditions of autumn crocus?
leaves toxic to cattle guinea pigs seeds toxic to humans all species toxins resistant to drying
What are the clinical signs of autumn crocus?
initially
- inhibition of cell division in intestinal crypts (delayed 12-24h)
severe colic, vomiting, diarrhea +/- blood, depression
weakness, ataxia, multiple organ failure (liver and kidney), bone marrow depression
collapse, coma, death
What is the Dx of autumn crocus?
clinical signs history clin path - protein and blood in urine creatinin and urea up pathology
what is the Tx for autumn crocus?
Gi decontam
AC, saline cathartic
S&S care
depends on how recent
- treat shock
- support blood pressure and circ
Are tulips and daphyadils toxic?
potentially if eat bulbs
GI irritation
