Herbicide/Acarjcides Flashcards by Matt Woodman

What is needed to cause clinical signs?

high level repeated

low toxicity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the non-specific symptoms of acute poisoning? can you tell which herbicide it is? what are the PM findings?

cant tell
- depression, anorexia, diarrhea, bloat, ataxia,
death is rare

congestion of lung, liver and kidney
GIT inflammation
friable liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the half life of most herbicides?

few days ish

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are chlorates? what is the MOA

strong oxidizing agents

irritant
methemoglobin formation
RBC membrane damage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the symptoms of chlorates?

diarrhea, vomiting, colic, hemoatura, dyspnea, cyanosis

tissues chocolates brown colors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which animal are chlorates lethal for?

cow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Tx for chlorates?

not very effective

Lavage, demulcents, methylene blue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is paraquat MOA?

reduction of O2 (superoxide anion)
free radical formation, lipid peroxidation
cell damage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the signs of acute paraquat poisoning?

excitation, incoordination, ataxia, diarrhea, dyspnea,

death in 10d

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the signs of chronic paraquat poisoning?

progressive fibrosing pneumonitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the target organ for paraquat? what 2 phases are found

lung
destructive phase
proliferative phase
- hyaline membrane formation + GIT irritation + kidney ucleration + liver degen + skin erythema + eye irritation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Tx for paraquat?

soap wash

adsorbents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are phenoxy derivatives? what do they case

very potent

hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, chloracne, fat accumulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the absorption, metabolism and excretion of 24D + derivatives?

oral and dermal absorption

hydrolysis metabolism

excretion in urine unchanged (18h half life)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the MOA of 2,4D?

uncouples phosphorylation
decreased ribonuclease synthesis
damages muscle membranes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is 2,4 D very toxic?

no need long exposure

What are the clinical signs of 2,4D?

anorexia, static rumen, bloat, muscle weakness, hind end paralysis

What is the PM findings for 2,4D?

congestion + degen of organs

- some hemorrhage

which animals are more sensitive to 2,4D?

dogs

- myotonia, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, posterior weakness

what is the treatment for 2,4D?

wash
AC
fluids

What is the Px and public heath concern with 2,4D?

good prog

association with hodgkins lyphoma

low food residue concern

What is the least toxic herbicide to animals?

roundup (glyphosate)

What are Acarjcides?

used for mite and louse control

What are 5 examples fo acarjcides?

organophosphates
chlorinated hydrocarbons
rotenone
pyrethrins/pyrethroids
amitraz

What are the toxokinetics of rotenone (acarjcide? MOA?

relatively harmless, poor absorption, rapid metabolism uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

what are the symptoms with rotenone (acarjcide)

nausea, vomitng, salivation, dyspnea, tremors, incoordination, paralysis "looks like organophosphate"

what animal is highly toxic to rotenone (acarjcide)?

fish

What is the Tx of rotenone (acarjcide)? resides?

ineffecive prog = good no residues

What are the toxikinetics of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?

low toxicity rapid metabolism well absorbed via lungs, derm or oral

What is the MOA of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?

alter sodium channels | binds GABA

What are the clinical signs of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?

muscle tremors, excitation, paralysis, salivation, vomiting, dyspnea

What is the Tx of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)? residues? Public health?

rapid recovery usually wash, emetics, AC, sedation no residues chemical sensitivity possible (people)

What are the toxicokinetics of amitraz (acarjcides)?

well absorbed metabolism (oxidation) excretion into urine

what is the MOA of amitraz (acarjcides)?

adrenergic agonsit monamine oxidate inhibitor CV collapse resp depression

What is the clinical signs of amitraz (acarjcides)?

heart rate, ataxia, depression, vomitting, diarrhea, seizures,

What is found on PM with amitraz (acarjcides)?

no specific lesions | enlarged liver

What is the Tx of amitraz (acarjcides)? Px? residues?

wash emetic AC ``` Px = good residues = no ```