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Toxicology > Herbicide/Acarjcides > Flashcards

Herbicide/Acarjcides Flashcards

1
Q

What is needed to cause clinical signs?

A

high level repeated

low toxicity

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2
Q

what are the non-specific symptoms of acute poisoning? can you tell which herbicide it is? what are the PM findings?

A

cant tell
- depression, anorexia, diarrhea, bloat, ataxia,
death is rare

PM

  • congestion of lung, liver and kidney
  • GIT inflammation
  • friable liver
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3
Q

What is the half life of most herbicides?

A

few days ish

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4
Q

What are chlorates? what is the MOA

A

strong oxidizing agents

irritant
methemoglobin formation
RBC membrane damage

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of chlorates?

A

diarrhea, vomiting, colic, hemoatura, dyspnea, cyanosis

tissues chocolates brown colors

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6
Q

which animal are chlorates lethal for?

A

cow

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7
Q

What is the Tx for chlorates?

A

not very effective

Lavage, demulcents, methylene blue

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8
Q

What is paraquat MOA?

A

reduction of O2 (superoxide anion)
free radical formation, lipid peroxidation
cell damage

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9
Q

What are the signs of acute paraquat poisoning?

A

excitation, incoordination, ataxia, diarrhea, dyspnea,

death in 10d

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10
Q

what are the signs of chronic paraquat poisoning?

A

progressive fibrosing pneumonitis

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11
Q

What is the target organ for paraquat? what 2 phases are found

A

lung
destructive phase
proliferative phase
- hyaline membrane formation + GIT irritation + kidney ucleration + liver degen + skin erythema + eye irritation

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12
Q

What is the Tx for paraquat?

A

soap wash

adsorbents

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13
Q

What are phenoxy derivatives? what do they case

A

very potent

hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, chloracne, fat accumulation

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14
Q

What is the absorption, metabolism and excretion of 24D + derivatives?

A

oral and dermal absorption

hydrolysis metabolism

excretion in urine unchanged (18h half life)

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15
Q

what is the MOA of 2,4D?

A

uncouples phosphorylation
decreased ribonuclease synthesis
damages muscle membranes

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16
Q

Is 2,4 D very toxic?

A

no need long exposure

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of 2,4D?

A

anorexia, static rumen, bloat, muscle weakness, hind end paralysis

18
Q

What is the PM findings for 2,4D?

A

congestion + degen of organs

- some hemorrhage

19
Q

which animals are more sensitive to 2,4D?

A

dogs

- myotonia, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, posterior weakness

20
Q

what is the treatment for 2,4D?

A

wash
AC
fluids

21
Q

What is the Px and public heath concern with 2,4D?

A

good prog

association with hodgkins lyphoma

low food residue concern

22
Q

What is the least toxic herbicide to animals?

A

roundup (glyphosate)

23
Q

What are Acarjcides?

A

used for mite and louse control

24
Q

What are 5 examples fo acarjcides?

A 
organophosphates
chlorinated hydrocarbons
rotenone
pyrethrins/pyrethroids
amitraz
25
Q

What are the toxokinetics of rotenone (acarjcide? MOA?

A

relatively harmless, poor absorption, rapid metabolism

uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

26
Q

what are the symptoms with rotenone (acarjcide)

A

nausea, vomitng, salivation, dyspnea, tremors, incoordination, paralysis
“looks like organophosphate”

27
Q

what animal is highly toxic to rotenone (acarjcide)?

A

fish

28
Q

What is the Tx of rotenone (acarjcide)? resides?

A

ineffecive
prog = good
no residues

29
Q

What are the toxikinetics of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?

A

low toxicity
rapid metabolism
well absorbed via lungs, derm or oral

30
Q

What is the MOA of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?

A

alter sodium channels

binds GABA

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?

A

muscle tremors, excitation, paralysis, salivation, vomiting, dyspnea

32
Q

What is the Tx of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)? residues? Public health?

A

rapid recovery usually

wash, emetics, AC, sedation

no residues

chemical sensitivity possible (people)

33
Q

What are the toxicokinetics of amitraz (acarjcides)?

A

well absorbed
metabolism (oxidation)
excretion into urine

34
Q

what is the MOA of amitraz (acarjcides)?

A

adrenergic agonsit
monamine oxidate inhibitor

CV collapse
resp depression

35
Q

What is the clinical signs of amitraz (acarjcides)?

A

heart rate, ataxia, depression, vomitting, diarrhea, seizures,

36
Q

What is found on PM with amitraz (acarjcides)?

A

no specific lesions

enlarged liver

37
Q

What is the Tx of amitraz (acarjcides)? Px? residues?

A

wash
emetic
AC

Px = good
residues = no

Toxicology (27 decks)

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