Herbicide/Acarjcides Flashcards
What is needed to cause clinical signs?
high level repeated
low toxicity
what are the non-specific symptoms of acute poisoning? can you tell which herbicide it is? what are the PM findings?
cant tell
- depression, anorexia, diarrhea, bloat, ataxia,
death is rare
PM
- congestion of lung, liver and kidney
- GIT inflammation
- friable liver
What is the half life of most herbicides?
few days ish
What are chlorates? what is the MOA
strong oxidizing agents
irritant
methemoglobin formation
RBC membrane damage
what are the symptoms of chlorates?
diarrhea, vomiting, colic, hemoatura, dyspnea, cyanosis
tissues chocolates brown colors
which animal are chlorates lethal for?
cow
What is the Tx for chlorates?
not very effective
Lavage, demulcents, methylene blue
What is paraquat MOA?
reduction of O2 (superoxide anion)
free radical formation, lipid peroxidation
cell damage
What are the signs of acute paraquat poisoning?
excitation, incoordination, ataxia, diarrhea, dyspnea,
death in 10d
what are the signs of chronic paraquat poisoning?
progressive fibrosing pneumonitis
What is the target organ for paraquat? what 2 phases are found
lung
destructive phase
proliferative phase
- hyaline membrane formation + GIT irritation + kidney ucleration + liver degen + skin erythema + eye irritation
What is the Tx for paraquat?
soap wash
adsorbents
What are phenoxy derivatives? what do they case
very potent
hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, chloracne, fat accumulation
What is the absorption, metabolism and excretion of 24D + derivatives?
oral and dermal absorption
hydrolysis metabolism
excretion in urine unchanged (18h half life)
what is the MOA of 2,4D?
uncouples phosphorylation
decreased ribonuclease synthesis
damages muscle membranes
Is 2,4 D very toxic?
no need long exposure
What are the clinical signs of 2,4D?
anorexia, static rumen, bloat, muscle weakness, hind end paralysis
What is the PM findings for 2,4D?
congestion + degen of organs
- some hemorrhage
which animals are more sensitive to 2,4D?
dogs
- myotonia, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, posterior weakness
what is the treatment for 2,4D?
wash
AC
fluids
What is the Px and public heath concern with 2,4D?
good prog
association with hodgkins lyphoma
low food residue concern
What is the least toxic herbicide to animals?
roundup (glyphosate)
What are Acarjcides?
used for mite and louse control
What are 5 examples fo acarjcides?
organophosphates chlorinated hydrocarbons rotenone pyrethrins/pyrethroids amitraz
What are the toxokinetics of rotenone (acarjcide? MOA?
relatively harmless, poor absorption, rapid metabolism
uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
what are the symptoms with rotenone (acarjcide)
nausea, vomitng, salivation, dyspnea, tremors, incoordination, paralysis
“looks like organophosphate”
what animal is highly toxic to rotenone (acarjcide)?
fish
What is the Tx of rotenone (acarjcide)? resides?
ineffecive
prog = good
no residues
What are the toxikinetics of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?
low toxicity
rapid metabolism
well absorbed via lungs, derm or oral
What is the MOA of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?
alter sodium channels
binds GABA
What are the clinical signs of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)?
muscle tremors, excitation, paralysis, salivation, vomiting, dyspnea
What is the Tx of pyrethrins/pyrethroids (acarjcides)? residues? Public health?
rapid recovery usually
wash, emetics, AC, sedation
no residues
chemical sensitivity possible (people)
What are the toxicokinetics of amitraz (acarjcides)?
well absorbed
metabolism (oxidation)
excretion into urine
what is the MOA of amitraz (acarjcides)?
adrenergic agonsit
monamine oxidate inhibitor
CV collapse
resp depression
What is the clinical signs of amitraz (acarjcides)?
heart rate, ataxia, depression, vomitting, diarrhea, seizures,
What is found on PM with amitraz (acarjcides)?
no specific lesions
enlarged liver
What is the Tx of amitraz (acarjcides)? Px? residues?
wash
emetic
AC
Px = good residues = no
