reconstructing primate evolution

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

the evolutionary history and development of a species

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

Interbreeding, natural populations, reproductiveely isolated form other populations and are potentially capable of producing live, fertileoffspring

Question 3

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 3

a graphic representation of the evolutionary relationships between animal species. It includes the branching order from a common ancestor and the time of divergence

Question 4

dogs wolves can produce fertile offspring yet are different species.

Answer 4

examples of not common cross speciation

Question 5

what is the three steps of speciation?

Answer 5

First, Geographic isolation Second, Reproductive isolation Third, Genetic isolation

Question 6

sympatric speciation

Answer 6

creating two species at the same time

Question 7

two examples of geographic isolation

Answer 7

continental drift deforestation

Question 8

two examples of reproductive isolation

Answer 8

Physical anatomy does not fit to mate mating call does not attract mate

Question 9

genetic isolation

Answer 9

when genes of male and female are no longer compatible to produce a live fertile offspring

Question 10

three forms of evolutionary time in speciation

Answer 10

stasis- No new change Anagenesis- start with ancestral species and end with ONE new species Cladogenesis- start with ancestral species and end with TWO new species

Question 11

Phyletic gradualism

Answer 11

evolutionary change is slow and gradual and most speciation is anagenesis with occasional cladogenesis

Question 12

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 12

most of the time little speciation ( stasis) then evolution.

Question 13

what defines a successful species in a evolutionary sense?

Answer 13

Numeric abundance Geographic distribution Geological Longevity

Question 14

Species example of evolutionary success

Answer 14

possum; has numeric abundance, geographical distribution, deological longevity

Question 15

Statement : its the fate of all species to go extinct

Answer 15

All animals are a combination of both ancestral and derived

Question 16

Ancestral characteristics

Answer 16

Characteristics that are similar to characteristics found in an ancestor

Question 17

Derived characteristics

Answer 17

Characteristics that have been changed from ancestral conditions

Question 18

Ecology

Answer 18

The study of interactions of living organisms with one and another and their inorganic world. the study of relationships to other things in its world

Question 19

Ecosystem

Answer 19

a community of different species of plants and animas interacting with one another and the chemical and physical parts of their environment

Question 20

Biome

Answer 20

Regions that share physical characteristics and have similar communities of plants and animals.

Question 21

habitat

Answer 21

the area within a species distribution range where a member of that species can actually live

Question 22

Ecological niche:

Answer 22

the manner in which an organism obtains its resources; analogous to its role or job in the ecosystem

Question 23

Cladogram

Answer 23

a graphic representation of the evolutionary relationship of a group of taxa based on shared characteristics

Question 24

Three sources of data for evolutionary reconstructions

Answer 24

Molecular approach Paleontological approach Comparative approach

Question 25

Molecular approach (vince )

Answer 25

uses of the DNA of living animals to explore the evolutionary relationships between these animals. using DNA and molecular clock to figure out time and differences in past species.

Question 26

4 Advantages of the molecular approach

Answer 26

1. not subjective 2. gives a numerical value 3. doesn´t need fossils 4. can give time of divergence

Question 27

3 Disadvantages of the molecular approach

Answer 27

Tells us nothing about what our ancestors looked like 2. tells us nothing about the environment in which our ancestors lived 3. tells us nothing bout the behavior of our ancestors

Question 28

Paleontology

Answer 28

the study of prehistoric life-forms and the paleoenviornments in which they lived. they study fossils.

Question 29

Taphonomy

Answer 29

the study of processes of burial and fossilization

Question 30

5 advantages of the paleontological approach

Answer 30

1. Can Tell Us About the morphology of the organism 2.CTUAT environment in which the organism lived 3. CTUAT little about the non-social behavior of the organism 4. Can sometimes tell us about the sex and health of an organism 5. can sometimes tell us about the age of the individual

Question 31

Disadvantages of the paleontological approach

Answer 31

1. subjective interpretations 2. finding the fossils in the large part the result of chance 3. sample error 4. Major gaps in the fossil record 5. tells us little about the social behavior of the organism

Question 32

Advantages of the comparative approach

Answer 32

1. tells us what a specific environment can produce 2. provides us information on the functions of certain characteristics 3. proves some insights into the social behavior of our ancestors 4. highlights what the shared characteristics of the taxon are.

Question 33

Disadvantage of the comparative approach

Answer 33

1. limited to living forms: however, once finding are made they can be applied to fossil forms 2. while it allows us to construct a cladogram, it cannot tell us the time of branching 3. the problem of convergent evolution

Question 34

What kind of evolutionary time is this?

Answer 34

Stasis

Question 35

What kind of evolutionary time is this?

Answer 35

Anagenesis

Question 36

What kind of evolutionary time is this?

Answer 36

Cladogenesis