Chapter 4

Question 1

Hybrid

Answer 1

offspring of parents of different ancestry

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Alternative form of same gene

Question 3

homozygous

Answer 3

having the same alleles at given locus

Question 4

Heterozygous

Answer 4

Having different alleles at a given locus

Question 5

Dominant alleles

Answer 5

Alleles that prevant the expression of recessive alleles

Question 6

Ressesive alleles

Answer 6

Alleles that are not expressed in a heterozygous individuals

Question 7

Codominance

Answer 7

The express of both alleles

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

The gene found at a paticular locus or the complete genetic make up of an organisim

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

The observed or measerable charactartics of an organisim.

Question 10

Principle of segregation

Answer 10

• Genes, the unite of hereditary, exist within individual pairs
• The paris are segregated during the production of gametes so that each gamete has only one of each kind

Question 11

Principle of Independent Assortment

Answer 11

Distribution of one pair of genes into gametes does not influence the distribution of another pair. It is random

Question 12

Genetic factors that influence inheritance

Answer 12

• Multiple alleles
• Polygenic traits
• Pleiotropy: doesnt cause one phenotype but many
• Linkage: one allele links to another allele
• Sex link traits
• Enviornment

Question 13

Population is the unit that ________

Answer 13

Evolves

(change in a gene frequency)

Question 14

Population genetics

Answer 14

Study of living populations through the measurment of gene frequency

Question 15

Population

Answer 15

A group of conspecifics that occupy a more or less well defined geographic region and are potentially capble of successful reproduction

Question 16

Gene frequency

Answer 16

Numeric indicator of an interbreeding group of individuals

Question 17

Gene pool

Answer 17

Total compliment of genes in a population

Question 18

Blood groups

Answer 18

Clases of sugar molecules found on the membrane of blood cells that can be detected by the use of appropriate antibodies.

-Which sugar are found on the membranes are the result of specific proteins

Question 19

Antigenes

Answer 19

protiens that the body recognizes as foreign

Question 20

Micro-evolution

Answer 20

Small changes occuring with species, such as a change in allele frequency.

Question 21

Macro-Evolution

Answer 21

change produced only after many generations such as the appeareance of a new species

Question 22

Hardy Wienberg equilabrium

Answer 22

A base line principle that allows population geneticist to predict what the genotype frequences, based on observed allele frequency, should be if a population is not evolving.

Question 23

5 conditions of Hary Wienburg equilibrium

Answer 23

• No mutation
• infinantly large population
• closed population/ no gene flow
• random mating
• equal reproductive rates

Question 24

Why do we study Hardy Weienburg Equilibrium

Answer 24

1. Demonstrate population is evolving
2. gives us a way to generate hypothesis
3. Provides us a way to test our hypothesis

Question 25

In p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

What does each represent

Answer 25

p2: homozygous dominant genotype frequency
2pq: Heterozygous genotype frequence
q2: homozygous reccessive genotype frequency
p: dominant allele
q: recessive allele