Mid-Term questions Flashcards
The only source of new genetic material in any population is
Mutation
The term biocultural evolution refers to:
The interaction between biology and culture in human evolution
Of the 5 forces of evolution ________is the strongest and _______ is the weakest.
Natural selection and Mutation
At a SINGLE LOCUS, an individual in a population of 100 people can have _____ alleles
2
In the hardy weinberg equation, the symbol P represents
Dominant allele frequency
The sex of an offspring depends on whether:
The sperm carries an X or Y chromosome
If a single gene has multiply effects on the phenotype, this is referred to as:
Pleiotropy
What units do we use to study evolution?
individuals, Genes, Chromosomes, Populations
Dominant alleles are always:
Expressed in the heterozygous genotypes
The unit of the selection is the
Individual
Which of the following is NOT true in regards to DNA? A. It is a macromolecule b. it never leaves the nucleus c. its base sequences never change d. Its shape is double-helix
its base sequences never change
A humane gamete contains ____ chromosomes
23
The outward, measurable, expression of an organisms, genetic makeup is called its:
Phenotype
If a person with AB type blood mates with a person who has O type blood, which type blood could not appear among their children: A O B AB Neither B or D could appear All could appear
Neither B or D could appear
which of the following is not a kind of chromosomal mutation?
Transduction
A change in gene frequency over time defines
evolution
Two of the three kinds of point mutations are
Addition and ?
Differential mortality and fertility defines the evolutionary force known as
natural selection
the ______ is the basic building blocks to DNA molecule
Nucleotides
A matched set of chromosomes are called
Homologous pairs
The space a gene occupies on a chromosome is called the
loci
mRNA is made during the ________ phase of protein synthesis
transcription
a ________________ is the numeric indicator of the genetic make-up of a population
Gene type frequency
a _______________ is the maintenance of two or more alleles in a population because of heterozygous advantage
Balance Polymorphism
codon
Triplets of messenger RNA bases that code for specific amino acids during protein synthesis
Genetic drift
Evolutionary changes, or changes in allele frequencies. That are produced by rondom factors in small populations. Genetic drift is a result of small population size
Zygote
A cell formed by the union of an egg cell and sperm cell.
mRNA
a form of RNA that assembled on a sequence of DNA bases
tRNA
The type of RNA that binds to specific amino acids and transports them to the ribosome during protein synthesis
Mutation
a change in DNA
Gene flow
Exchange of gene between populations
Founders effect
A type of genetic drift in which allele frequencies are altered in small populations that are taken from, or are remnants of, larger population
protein synthesis
The assembly of chains of amino acids into functional protein molecules. The process is directed by DNA
Somatic cells
Basically, all the cells in the body except those involved with reproduction
Enzymes
Specialized proteins that initiate and direct chemical reactions in the body
Transcription
the formation of mRNA, the DNA code is being copied, or transcribed
Meiosis
Cell division in specialized cells in ovaries and testes called gametes.
Mitosis
Simple cell division. The process by which somatic cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Why is it useful concept? What five conditions must be met before a population can achieve HWE?
Essay questions
What are Mendel’s two principles of inheritance? In your own words describe each. List 2 genetic factors we now know makes genetic inheritance more complicated than Mendel was aware of.
essay questions
Discuss why sickle-cell anemia is a good example of evolution in modern human. Be sure to include at least one cultural issue relevant to this example.
Essay questions
As a taxonomic order, primates:
have generalized traits
______ rule is a general principle that states that individuals of the same species should demonstrate darker skin pigmentation closer to equator
Gogers
The correct way of writing the binomen of a common chimpanzee is
Pan droglodyt
______ is a term that refers to an individual´s relative reproduction success
fitness
______ are short-term, reversible changes in the phenotype that are the results of specific environmental stresses.
Acclimatory adjustments
What are homologous structures and what are analogous structures? Give an example of each.
Essay questions
