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Anthropology 205 > Mid-Term questions > Flashcards

Mid-Term questions Flashcards

1
Q

The only source of new genetic material in any population is

A

Mutation

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2
Q

The term biocultural evolution refers to:

A

The interaction between biology and culture in human evolution

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3
Q

Of the 5 forces of evolution ________is the strongest and _______ is the weakest.

A

Natural selection and Mutation

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4
Q

At a SINGLE LOCUS, an individual in a population of 100 people can have _____ alleles

A

2

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5
Q

In the hardy weinberg equation, the symbol P represents

A

Dominant allele frequency

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6
Q

The sex of an offspring depends on whether:

A

The sperm carries an X or Y chromosome

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7
Q

If a single gene has multiply effects on the phenotype, this is referred to as:

A

Pleiotropy

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8
Q

What units do we use to study evolution?

A

individuals, Genes, Chromosomes, Populations

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9
Q

Dominant alleles are always:

A

Expressed in the heterozygous genotypes

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10
Q

The unit of the selection is the

A

Individual

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11
Q 
Which of the following is NOT true in regards to DNA? 
A. It is a macromolecule
b. it never leaves the nucleus
c. its base sequences never change
d. Its shape is double-helix
A

its base sequences never change

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12
Q

A humane gamete contains ____ chromosomes

A

23

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13
Q

The outward, measurable, expression of an organisms, genetic makeup is called its:

A

Phenotype

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14
Q 
If a person with AB type blood mates with a person who has O type blood, which type blood could not appear among their children: 
A
O
B
AB
Neither B or D could appear
All could appear
A

Neither B or D could appear

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15
Q

which of the following is not a kind of chromosomal mutation?

A

Transduction

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16
Q

A change in gene frequency over time defines

A

evolution

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17
Q

Two of the three kinds of point mutations are

A

Addition and ?

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18
Q

Differential mortality and fertility defines the evolutionary force known as

A

natural selection

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19
Q

the ______ is the basic building blocks to DNA molecule

A

Nucleotides

20
Q

A matched set of chromosomes are called

A

Homologous pairs

21
Q

The space a gene occupies on a chromosome is called the

A

loci

22
Q

mRNA is made during the ________ phase of protein synthesis

A

transcription

23
Q

a ________________ is the numeric indicator of the genetic make-up of a population

A

Gene type frequency

24
Q

a _______________ is the maintenance of two or more alleles in a population because of heterozygous advantage

A

Balance Polymorphism

25
Q

codon

A

Triplets of messenger RNA bases that code for specific amino acids during protein synthesis

26
Q

Genetic drift

A

Evolutionary changes, or changes in allele frequencies. That are produced by rondom factors in small populations. Genetic drift is a result of small population size

27
Q

Zygote

A

A cell formed by the union of an egg cell and sperm cell.

28
Q

mRNA

A

a form of RNA that assembled on a sequence of DNA bases

29
Q

tRNA

A

The type of RNA that binds to specific amino acids and transports them to the ribosome during protein synthesis

30
Q

Mutation

A

a change in DNA

31
Q

Gene flow

A

Exchange of gene between populations

32
Q

Founders effect

A

A type of genetic drift in which allele frequencies are altered in small populations that are taken from, or are remnants of, larger population

33
Q

protein synthesis

A

The assembly of chains of amino acids into functional protein molecules. The process is directed by DNA

34
Q

Somatic cells

A

Basically, all the cells in the body except those involved with reproduction

35
Q

Enzymes

A

Specialized proteins that initiate and direct chemical reactions in the body

36
Q

Transcription

A

the formation of mRNA, the DNA code is being copied, or transcribed

37
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division in specialized cells in ovaries and testes called gametes.

38
Q

Mitosis

A

Simple cell division. The process by which somatic cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells.

39
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Why is it useful concept? What five conditions must be met before a population can achieve HWE?

A

Essay questions

40
Q

What are Mendel’s two principles of inheritance? In your own words describe each. List 2 genetic factors we now know makes genetic inheritance more complicated than Mendel was aware of.

A

essay questions

41
Q

Discuss why sickle-cell anemia is a good example of evolution in modern human. Be sure to include at least one cultural issue relevant to this example.

A

Essay questions

42
Q

As a taxonomic order, primates:

A

have generalized traits

43
Q

______ rule is a general principle that states that individuals of the same species should demonstrate darker skin pigmentation closer to equator

A

Gogers

44
Q

The correct way of writing the binomen of a common chimpanzee is

A

Pan droglodyt

45
Q

______ is a term that refers to an individual´s relative reproduction success

A

fitness

46
Q

______ are short-term, reversible changes in the phenotype that are the results of specific environmental stresses.

A

Acclimatory adjustments

47
Q

What are homologous structures and what are analogous structures? Give an example of each.

A

Essay questions

Anthropology 205 (10 decks)

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