Chapter 1 Flashcards
Remember Vocab
Culture
Rules, standards and norms shared by members of a society. Learned Behavior
Society
A group of people who occupy a specific locality, share common cultural traditions, and cooperate for their mutual survival.
LINGUISTICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
That branch of anthropology which
is particularly concerned with
language and how different sorts of
communication interact with aspects of culture.
Holistic
Viewing a question from the
broadest possible perspective
paleoanthropology
the interdisciplinary approach to the study of earlier hominins - their chronology, physical structure, archaeological remains, habitats, and so on
world view
The concepts of a society or
individual that explains how the
world works.
Nontheistic
???
Intelligent design
The theory that life, or the universe,
cannot have arisen by chance and
was designed and created by some
intelligent entity.
scientific model
An approach to research wherby a problem is identified, a hypothesis is stated, and that hypothesis is tested by collecting and analyzing data.
archeology
Study of life-ways of people
from the past through retrieval
and analyzing the material
remains of past cultures.
applied anthropology
Application of anthropological
knowledge, theory, and methods to
the solution of specific societal
problems
osteology
The study of skeletons
hypothesis
A tentative explanation of some phenomenon or related phenomenon
paleontology
Study of earlier hominins - their chronology, physical structure, archaeological remains, habitats, and so on
Lyssenko
???
Paradigm
???
teleology
(guided to some final end or
purpose)
cultural anthropology
Study of contemporary cultures
• The attempt to understand the
general underlying patterns of all
human cultures
medical anthropology
study of biological and cultural factors that effect health, disease, and sickness
anthropometry
Measurement of human body parts
systems
A group of interrelated and
interdependent parts forming a
whole
primatology
The study of the biology and behavior of non-human primates (chimpanzees, Apes)
Mendel
???
scientific creationism
The use of scientific data to support creationist interpretations of biology and geology
theory
A powerful series of related scientific hypotheses that have been tested repeatedly for its validity, explain a series of natural related phenomenons, and allow predictions.
forensics
???
BIOLOGICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
Branch in anthropology that tries to understand what it means to be human from an evolutionary and biological perspective
Subfields of Anthropology
cultural (social) anthropology linguistic anthropology Archaeology Applied anthropology biological (physical) anthropology Medical anthropology
Ethnolinguistics
relationship between language and culture
Socialinguistics
relationship between language and social relationships
Bioculture evolution
The mutual interactive evolution of human biology and culture; The concept that biology makes culture possible and that developing culture further influences the direction of biological evolution.
Human variation
studies the different biological differences within and among different populations of modern humans
Human evolution
studies human evolutionary past
Genetics
study of gene structure, actions and patterns of inheritance.
Comparative approach
compare similar things in different groups searching for similarities and differences
Evolutionary world view
all living things (species) change over time
all living things are related
Evolution is not goal oriented (it is not teleological)
irreducible complexity
an irreducible complex system that has many components that are all needed to make the system function
Redundant complexity
a redundant complex system consist of several parts but achieve their function in such a way that one or more parts can be removed with out completely disrupting the system
Theistic evolution or evolutionary creation
a concept that asserts that classical religious teachings of God are compatible with modern scientific understanding about biological evolution. Evolution, according to this view, is simply a tool that God employed to develop human life
Science
an organized and specific way of asking and trying to answer questions about and understanding the natural world
Dialectic
A continuing intellectual dialogue in which thinkers strive for increased understanding
thesis
a statement of an idea or perspective
Antithesis
a statement of opinion presenting an alternative view that differs from the opinion stated originally and may seem to contradict it.
Synthesis
a statement of opinion that integrates some aspects of the thesis and antithesis
Empirical
relying on or gained experience or direct observation
Fact
an objective state usually based on direct observation that reasonable observers agree its true
Hominins
Coloquial term for members of the evolutionary group that includes modern humans and bipedal relatives
Species
a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
primates
members of the order mammal primates, which include lemurs lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans
Evolution
a change in genetic structure of a population
adaptation
an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral response of organisms or populations to the environment
Anthropology
The field of inquiry that studies human culture and evolutionary aspects of human biology
Ethnographies
detailed descriptive studies of human societies
bioarchaeology
study of skeletal remains in a archaeological site
forensic anthropology
an applied anthropological approach dealing with legal matters
data
facts in which conclusion can be drawn
quantitatively
pertaining to measurements of quantity and including such properties as size, number, and capacity. When data are quantified, they´re expressed numerically and can be tested statistically
ethnocentric
viewing other cultures from the inherently biased perspective of ones own culture and often results in other cultures being seen as inferior to ones own
relativistic
viewing entities as they relate to something else
metabolism
the chemical processes within cells that break down nutrients and release energy for the body to use.
