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Anthropology 205 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Remember Vocab

1
Q

Culture

A

Rules, standards and norms shared by members of a society. Learned Behavior

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2
Q

Society

A 
A group of people who occupy
a specific locality, share
common cultural traditions, and
cooperate for their mutual
survival.
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3
Q

LINGUISTICAL

ANTHROPOLOGY

A

That branch of anthropology which
is particularly concerned with
language and how different sorts of
communication interact with aspects of culture.

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4
Q

Holistic

A

Viewing a question from the

broadest possible perspective

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5
Q

paleoanthropology

A

the interdisciplinary approach to the study of earlier hominins - their chronology, physical structure, archaeological remains, habitats, and so on

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6
Q

world view

A

The concepts of a society or
individual that explains how the
world works.

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7
Q

Nontheistic

A

???

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8
Q

Intelligent design

A

The theory that life, or the universe,
cannot have arisen by chance and
was designed and created by some
intelligent entity.

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9
Q

scientific model

A

An approach to research wherby a problem is identified, a hypothesis is stated, and that hypothesis is tested by collecting and analyzing data.

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10
Q

archeology

A

Study of life-ways of people
from the past through retrieval
and analyzing the material
remains of past cultures.

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11
Q

applied anthropology

A

Application of anthropological
knowledge, theory, and methods to
the solution of specific societal
problems

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12
Q

osteology

A

The study of skeletons

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13
Q

hypothesis

A

A tentative explanation of some phenomenon or related phenomenon

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14
Q

paleontology

A

Study of earlier hominins - their chronology, physical structure, archaeological remains, habitats, and so on

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15
Q

Lyssenko

A

???

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16
Q

Paradigm

A

???

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17
Q

teleology

A

(guided to some final end or

purpose)

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18
Q

cultural anthropology

A

Study of contemporary cultures

• The attempt to understand the
general underlying patterns of all
human cultures

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19
Q

medical anthropology

A

study of biological and cultural factors that effect health, disease, and sickness

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20
Q

anthropometry

A

Measurement of human body parts

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21
Q

systems

A

A group of interrelated and
interdependent parts forming a
whole

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22
Q

primatology

A

The study of the biology and behavior of non-human primates (chimpanzees, Apes)

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23
Q

Mendel

A

???

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24
Q

scientific creationism

A

The use of scientific data to support creationist interpretations of biology and geology

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25
Q

theory

A

A powerful series of related scientific hypotheses that have been tested repeatedly for its validity, explain a series of natural related phenomenons, and allow predictions.

26
Q

forensics

A

???

27
Q

BIOLOGICAL

ANTHROPOLOGY

A

Branch in anthropology that tries to understand what it means to be human from an evolutionary and biological perspective

28
Q

Subfields of Anthropology

A 
cultural (social) anthropology
linguistic anthropology
Archaeology
Applied anthropology
biological (physical) anthropology
Medical anthropology
29
Q

Ethnolinguistics

A

relationship between language and culture

30
Q

Socialinguistics

A

relationship between language and social relationships

31
Q

Bioculture evolution

A

The mutual interactive evolution of human biology and culture; The concept that biology makes culture possible and that developing culture further influences the direction of biological evolution.

32
Q

Human variation

A

studies the different biological differences within and among different populations of modern humans

33
Q

Human evolution

A

studies human evolutionary past

34
Q

Genetics

A

study of gene structure, actions and patterns of inheritance.

35
Q

Comparative approach

A

compare similar things in different groups searching for similarities and differences

36
Q

Evolutionary world view

A

all living things (species) change over time
all living things are related
Evolution is not goal oriented (it is not teleological)

37
Q

irreducible complexity

A

an irreducible complex system that has many components that are all needed to make the system function

38
Q

Redundant complexity

A

a redundant complex system consist of several parts but achieve their function in such a way that one or more parts can be removed with out completely disrupting the system

39
Q

Theistic evolution or evolutionary creation

A

a concept that asserts that classical religious teachings of God are compatible with modern scientific understanding about biological evolution. Evolution, according to this view, is simply a tool that God employed to develop human life

40
Q

Science

A

an organized and specific way of asking and trying to answer questions about and understanding the natural world

41
Q

Dialectic

A

A continuing intellectual dialogue in which thinkers strive for increased understanding

42
Q

thesis

A

a statement of an idea or perspective

43
Q

Antithesis

A

a statement of opinion presenting an alternative view that differs from the opinion stated originally and may seem to contradict it.

44
Q

Synthesis

A

a statement of opinion that integrates some aspects of the thesis and antithesis

45
Q

Empirical

A

relying on or gained experience or direct observation

46
Q

Fact

A

an objective state usually based on direct observation that reasonable observers agree its true

47
Q

Hominins

A

Coloquial term for members of the evolutionary group that includes modern humans and bipedal relatives

48
Q

Species

A

a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

49
Q

primates

A

members of the order mammal primates, which include lemurs lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans

50
Q

Evolution

A

a change in genetic structure of a population

51
Q

adaptation

A

an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral response of organisms or populations to the environment

52
Q

Anthropology

A

The field of inquiry that studies human culture and evolutionary aspects of human biology

53
Q

Ethnographies

A

detailed descriptive studies of human societies

54
Q

bioarchaeology

A

study of skeletal remains in a archaeological site

55
Q

forensic anthropology

A

an applied anthropological approach dealing with legal matters

56
Q

data

A

facts in which conclusion can be drawn

57
Q

quantitatively

A

pertaining to measurements of quantity and including such properties as size, number, and capacity. When data are quantified, they´re expressed numerically and can be tested statistically

58
Q

ethnocentric

A

viewing other cultures from the inherently biased perspective of ones own culture and often results in other cultures being seen as inferior to ones own

59
Q

relativistic

A

viewing entities as they relate to something else

60
Q

metabolism

A

the chemical processes within cells that break down nutrients and release energy for the body to use.

Anthropology 205 (10 decks)

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