Chapter 3 Flashcards
proteins
three dimensional molecules that serve a wide variety of functions through their ability to bind to other molecules
nucleus
a structure found in all eukaryotic cells
molecules
structures that are made up of two or more atoms
RNA
ribonucleic acid- a single stranded molecule similar in structure to dna
cytoplasm
the portion of the cell contained within the cell membrane
protein synthesis
the assembly of chains of amino acids into functional protein molecules
mitochondria
cells that convert energy
ribosomes
structures composed of RNA
mtDNA
mitochondrial DNA. DNA found in the mitochondria. inherited only from mother
nucleotides
basic units of the DNA molecule, composed of a sugar a phosphate and one of four DNA baes
replicate
duplicate
enzymes
specialized proteins initiate and direct chemical reactions in the body
complementary
DNA bases form pairs
hemoglobin
a protein molecule that occurs in red blood cells and binds to oxygen molecules
hormones
substances that influence chemical reactions and regulate various cellular functions
amino acides
small molecules that are components of protein
Messenger RNA
a form of RNA that assembles a sequence of DNA bases
codons
triplets of messenger RNA bases that code for specific amino acids during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
type of RNA that binds to specific amino acids and transports them to the ribosome during protein synthesis
exons
segments of genes that are transcribed and are involved in protein synthesis
noncoding sequences
segments of the DNA that dont direct the production of protein
introns
segments of genes that are initially transcribed and then deleted
regulatory genes
genes that influence the activity of other genes
homeobox gene
direct early segmentation of embryonic tissues
recombination
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meioses
