Chapter 3

Question 1

proteins

Answer 1

three dimensional molecules that serve a wide variety of functions through their ability to bind to other molecules

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

a structure found in all eukaryotic cells

Question 3

molecules

Answer 3

structures that are made up of two or more atoms

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

ribonucleic acid- a single stranded molecule similar in structure to dna

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

the portion of the cell contained within the cell membrane

Question 6

protein synthesis

Answer 6

the assembly of chains of amino acids into functional protein molecules

Question 7

mitochondria

Answer 7

cells that convert energy

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

structures composed of RNA

Question 9

mtDNA

Answer 9

mitochondrial DNA. DNA found in the mitochondria. inherited only from mother

Question 10

nucleotides

Answer 10

basic units of the DNA molecule, composed of a sugar a phosphate and one of four DNA baes

Question 11

replicate

Answer 11

duplicate

Question 12

enzymes

Answer 12

specialized proteins initiate and direct chemical reactions in the body

Question 13

complementary

Answer 13

DNA bases form pairs

Question 14

hemoglobin

Answer 14

a protein molecule that occurs in red blood cells and binds to oxygen molecules

Question 15

hormones

Answer 15

substances that influence chemical reactions and regulate various cellular functions

Question 16

amino acides

Answer 16

small molecules that are components of protein

Question 17

Messenger RNA

Answer 17

a form of RNA that assembles a sequence of DNA bases

Question 18

codons

Answer 18

triplets of messenger RNA bases that code for specific amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 19

Transfer RNA

Answer 19

type of RNA that binds to specific amino acids and transports them to the ribosome during protein synthesis

Question 20

exons

Answer 20

segments of genes that are transcribed and are involved in protein synthesis

Question 21

noncoding sequences

Answer 21

segments of the DNA that dont direct the production of protein

Question 22

introns

Answer 22

segments of genes that are initially transcribed and then deleted

Question 23

regulatory genes

Answer 23

genes that influence the activity of other genes

Question 24

homeobox gene

Answer 24

direct early segmentation of embryonic tissues

Question 25

recombination

Answer 25

the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meioses