receptors Flashcards

1
Q

what are the type of sodium ion channels on pacinian corpuscles

A

strech mediated sodium ion channels

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2
Q

what happens to the strech mediated sodium ion channels when pressure is applied to the skin

A

they open and causes an influx of sodium ions

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3
Q

what are pancian corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors they detect mechanical stimulii and they are found in the skin

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4
Q

what do pancian corpuscles contain

A

a sensory nerve ending wrapped in layers of connective tissue called lamellae.

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5
Q

where a rod cells mainly found and how many types of them are there

A

mainly located in the peripheral parts of the retina

1 type so they give information in black and white

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6
Q

how many rod cells connect to one bipolar cell and how sensitive are they to light

A

they have a high sensitivity to light

and many rod cells join to one bipolar cell

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7
Q

what kind of visual acuity do rod cells have

A

low visual acuity

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8
Q

where are cone cells found

A

they are mainly located in the fovea

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9
Q

how many types of rod cells are there

A

3 types one for each wavelength of light so they give information in colour

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10
Q

how many cone cells join to one bipolar cell

A

one cone joins to one bipolar cell

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11
Q

what kind of sensitivity to light do cone cells have

A

low sensitivity to light

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12
Q

what kind of visual acuity do cone cells give

A

a high visual acuity

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13
Q

why do cone cells give high visual acuity

A

as cones are close together
one cone joins to one bipolar neurone
when light from two points hit two cones two A/Ps go to the brain
so distinguish between two points close together as two seperate points

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14
Q

why are rod cells sensitive to light

A

many rods join one bipolar neurone
so many weak generator potentials combine
to reach threshold and trigger an action potential

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15
Q

why are cones not sensitive to light

A

one cone joins to one bipolar neurone
so it takes more light to reach threshold
and trigger an action potential

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16
Q

why do rods have low visual acuity

A

many rods join to one bipolar neurone

means light from two points close together can’t be told apart

17
Q

what are photoreceptors

A

the receptors in your eye that detect light

18
Q

what is cardiac muscle

A

it is myogenic meaning it can contract and relax without nerve impulses/signals

19
Q

what is the function of the sinoatrial node

A

sets rhythm of heartbeat by sending out regular waves of electrical activity to atrial walls
causing left and right to contract at the same time

20
Q

what prevents the electrical activity passing directly from the atria to ventricles

A

band of non-conducting collagen tissue prevents electrical activity passing from atria to ventricles

21
Q

what is the electrical activity transferred to instead of going directly from atria to ventricles

A

electrical activity goes from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node

22
Q

what is the function of the atrioventricular node

A

passing waves of electrical activity on to the bundles of his
slight delay before AVN reacts to make sure the atria are empty before ventricles contract

23
Q

What is the bundle of his

A

group of muscle fibres responsible for conducting the waves of electrical activity between the ventricles and apex of the heart

24
Q

what does the bundle of his split into it

A

finer muscle fibres in both ventricles called the purkyne tissue

25
what is the function of the purkyne fibres
it carries waves of electrical activity into the muscular walls of the right and left ventricles causing them to contract simultaneously from bottom up
26
what are the pressure receptors called
barorrecptors they are in the aorta and carotid arteries stimulated by high and low blood pressure
27
what are the chemical receptors in the medulla, carotid arteries and aorta called
chemoreceptors | moniter pH, oxygen level of blood and carbon dioxide level of the blood
28
out line the response to high blood pressure
baroreceptors detect high blood pressure send impulses along sensory neurone into medulla this sends impulses along parasympathetic neurones these secrete acetylcholine which binds to receptors on SAN causing heart rate to slow down
29
outline the response to low blood pressure
baroreceptors detect low blood pressure send impulses along sensory neurone into medulla this sends impulses along sympathetic neurones these secrete noradrenaline which binds to receptors on SAN causing heart rate to increase
30
outline the response for high blood O2,Low CO2 or high blood pH levels
chemoreceptors detect chemical changes in the blood send impulses along sensory neurones to the medulla this sends impulses along parasympathetic neurones these secrete acetylcholine which binds to receptors on SAN causing heart rate to decrease
31
outline the response for low blood O2,high CO2 or low blood pH levels
chemoreceptors detect chemical changes in blood sends impulses along sensory neurones to the medulla this sends impulses along sympathetic neurones this secretes noradrenalne which binds to receptors on SAN causing heart to increase