cells and organelles

Question 1

name three functions of the golgi apparateus

Answer 1

• add carbohydrates to protiens- to form glycoprotiens
• form lysosomes
• transport modify and store lipids

Question 2

name two funcitions of lysosomes

Answer 2

• digest worn out organelles

- break down cells once they have died(autolysis)

Question 3

name the function of ribosomes

Answer 3

-carry out protien synthesis

Question 4

name the function of the cell wall

Answer 4

• provide mechanical strength to prevent cell bursting under pressure creatred by the osmotic entry of water

Question 5

name two functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

synthesise store and transport lipids

synthesise store and transport carbohydrates

Question 6

name two functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

.provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
. provide a pathway for the transport of materials especilally proteins throughout the cell

Question 7

name the function of the chloroplasts

Answer 7

-to carry out photosynthesis and produce glucose

Question 8

name three features of a chloroplast

Answer 8

• the grana
• the chloroplast envelope
• the stroma

Question 9

what does the grana contain and do?

Answer 9

chlorophyll, the grana is where light absorption takes place

Question 10

what does the stroma do?

Answer 10

it is the site of synthesis of sugars in photosynthesis

it is a fluid filled matrix

Question 11

what is the chloroplast envelope?

Answer 11

it is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle

Question 12

what is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 12

a double membrane that surrounds the outside of the nucleus it controls what enters and exits the nucleus

Question 13

what is the function if the nuclear pores?

Answer 13

they allow for large molecuels such as mRNA to leave the nucleus

Question 14

what is the solution like is homogenisation?

Answer 14

it is cold to reduce enzyme activity
it is isotonic to prevent organelles bursting through osmosis
a buffer solution is added to maintain pH

Question 15

what is homogenisation and describe one way it can be done

Answer 15

breaking up the cells.

can be done by grinding cells up in a blender

Question 16

outline the process of filtration

Answer 16

the homogenised cell solution is filtered through a gauze to seperate any large cell debris from the organelles

organelles are smaller than debries so they can pass through the gauze

Question 17

where does the DNA in organelles such as mitochodria and chloroplasts organiate

Answer 17

prokaryotes(bacterial cells)

Question 18

Name the process in which cells become adapted.

Answer 18

differentiation

Question 19

name 3 pieces of evidence which supports mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes

Answer 19

Circular DNA, no introns, no histones with DNA

Question 20

Give 2 structures in a prokaryote that are not present in eukaryote

Answer 20

Capsule, Circular DNA, DNA without histones, Flagellum, Pillus, Plasmid, Mesosome, smaller ribosomes

Question 21

How is the inner mitochondrial membrane adapted to help its function?

Answer 21

Folded so increased surface area for more enzymes so more respiration

Question 22

What is a tissue?

Answer 22

A group of similar cells with a common origin

Question 23

Name 2 structures in a eukaryote that cannot be identified using an optical microscope.

Answer 23

ribosomes
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulums

Question 24

name the similarites between HIV and a bacterial cell

Answer 24

both contain RNA and enzymes

Question 25

name the differences between HIV and a bacterial cell

Answer 25

HIV has no cell wall

Bacterial cells have no capsids

Question 26

what is an organ

Answer 26

a group of tissues

Question 27

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 27

site of aerobic respiration produces ATP