Mitosis Flashcards
describe four events in interphase that prepares a cell for mitosis
DNA replication
replication of organelles
increase in cytoplasm
synthesis of proteins
describe what happens in metaphase
spindle formed and attaches to centromeres of chromosomes
chromosomes line up at cells equator
describe what happens in anaphase
chromosome pulled apart
to opposite poles of the cell
explain an advantage of certain cells completing the cell cyle in a small time span
cells are replaced quicker
describe what happens in prophase
chromosomes condense getting shorter and fatter
centrioles start moving to opposite poles
nuclear envelope breaks down
describe what happens in telophase
chromatids reach opposite poles on spindle
chromatids uncoil and become long and thin
nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes (2 nuclei)
ctyokinesis occurs(cytoplasm divides)
two genetically identical daughter cells produced
what are the three phrase of interphase
G1
S
G2
what happens in G1
cells grow
new organelles and proteins made
what happens in S phase
cell replicates its DNA
what happens in G2
cells keep growing
protiens needed for cell division are made
what is cancer
a disease, resulting from cells that break away from an original tumour to form secondary tumours elsewhere in the body.
what is the process that prokaryotic cells divide by
binary fission
out line the process of binary fission
circular and plasmid DNAs replicate
cell gets bigger and DNA loops move to opposite poles of cell
cytoplasm begins to divide
cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced
describe the daughter cells produced by binary fission
they have one copy of the circular DNA
can have a variable number of copies of the plasmids
how does viruses replicate
by injecting their own DNA or RNA into a host cell
the host cell then uses it’s own machinery to replicate the viral particles
