Reasoning And Sylllogism

Question 1

The third act of the mind. Mental operation with a conclusion based on three terms in the categorical syllogisms.

Answer 1

Reasoning

Question 2

Consists of two more propositions offered as evidence for another proposition

Answer 2

Argument

Question 3

Propositions offered as evidence in the argument

Answer 3

Premises

Question 4

Proposition for which the evidence is offered

Answer 4

Conclusion

Question 5

To infer — to conclude or to understand something from a known fact

Answer 5

Inferential thinking

Question 6

The outward expression of the mental inference. It is a discourse establishing the agreement or disagreement between two terms on the basis of their relation to a common or third term. It is also a verbal expression containing three terms arranged in three propositions.

Answer 6

Syllogism

Question 7

What do you call the first two propositions in a syllogism?

Answer 7

Antecedents or premises

Question 8

What do you call the third proposition in a syllogism?

Answer 8

Conclusion

Question 9

What are the four types of reasoning?

Answer 9

Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning, Categorical reasoning, Hypothetical reasoning

Question 10

Inferential thinking which proceeds from UNIVERSAL principles and concludes a PARTICULAR truth

Answer 10

Deductive reasoning or deduction

Question 11

Inferential thinking which proceeds from the enumeration of individual facts and concludes a universal truth or principle.

Answer 11

Induction or Inductive Reasoning

Question 12

Deductive reasoning which concludes in a universal manner, without any condition.

Answer 12

Categorical reasoning

Question 13

Deductive reasoning which concludes under certain conditions

Answer 13

Hypothetical

Question 14

What are the material elements of a categorical proposition?

Answer 14

Terms and Proposition

Question 15

The basic unit of a proposition

Answer 15

Term

Question 16

Two kinds of terms and define each

Answer 16

Major - predicate of the conclusion; minor - the subject of the conclusion; middle - terms that appear in both premises; serves as a medium of comparison between the major and minor terms

Question 17

What are the three types of proposition?

Answer 17

Major premise - proposition containing the major term; minor premise - proposition containing the minor term; conclusion - proposition containing the major and minor terms

Question 18

Rules of categorical syllogism: What is affirmed universally of a certain term is affirmed of every term that comes under that term. (E.g., if rational is affirmed universally of man, it can be affirmed to all individuals falling under that term such as Bert, Mike, Mila, May)

Answer 18

Dictum de Omni

Question 19

Rules of categorical syllogism: What is denied universally of a certain term is denied of every term that comes under that term. (E.g., if we cannot say that birds have four legs, we cannot say likewise that sparrows, eagles, robins have four legs).

Answer 19

Dictum de Nullo

Question 20

Two terms identical with the third term are identical with each other

Answer 20

Principle of reciprocal identity

Question 21

Two terms one of which is identical with a third term and other of which is non-identical with that same third term, are not identical with each other

Answer 21

Principle of reciprocal non-identity