really dont know this shit Flashcards
whats the uterus look like in an ectopic pregnancy
same as late luteal (secretory) phase- waiting for implantation so DECIMALIZED ENDOMETRIUM ONLY
-DIALTED, COILED ENDOMETIAL GLANDS and VASCUALRIZED EDEMATOUS STROMA
what is caudal regression syndrome
SACRAL AGENESIS causing LOWER EXTREMITY PARALYSIS and URINARY INCONTINENCE
patients born with agenensis of the sacrum and occasionally lumbar spine and experience resultant FLACCID PARALYSIS of the LEGS, DORSIFLEXED CONTRACTURES of the FEET, and URINARY INCONTINENCE
can range from isolated anal atresia to sirenomelia
related to POORLY CONTROLLED MATERNAL DIABETES
what do activated macrophages and nuetorphils secrete in emphysema
PRTOEASES- CATHESPINS, MMPs, ELASTASES
-they degrade ecm and generate free oxygen radicals the impair the function of protease inhibitors (like alpha-1-antitrypsin)
why do club cells do
formerly Clara cell
nonciliated, secretory epithelium of the terminal respiratory epithelium
secrete club cell secretory protein and surfactant components
help detoxify inhaled substances (tobacco smoke) by CPY450 mechanism
what is seen in fetal-placnetal aromatase deficiency
AR disorder that manifests early in embryonal life with HIGH ANDROGEN and LOW ESTROGEN levels in the female fetus
MATERNAL VIRILIATION (hirsutism) commonly occurs during pregnancy due to the transfer of excess androgen into the maternal circulation
affected news worth girls have NORMAL INTERNAL GENITALIA and AMBIGUOUS or MALE-TYPE EXTERNAL genitalia
at puberty, impaired ovarian estrogen synthesis causes primary amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and tall statue (low estrogen delays fusion of epiphyses)
men: tall statue and osteoporosis but no genital stuff
what causes WIDE SPLIT S2
LENGTHENING of RIGHT VENTRICULAR EJECTION TIME w/ delayed closure of pulmonary valve (accentuated by INHALATION)
seen in: right bundle branch block, pulmonary stenosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension
neoplasms associated with LYNCH syndrome (HNPCC)
colorectal
breast
ovarian
neoplasms associated with LIFRAUMENI syndrome
sarcomas breast cancer brain tumors adrenocortical carcinomas leukemia
neoplasms in VHL
hemangioblastomas
clear cell renal carcinoma
pheochromocytoma
whats going on in ataxia-telangiectasia
tumor suppressor protein p53 inactivation resulting in disruption of NONHOMOLGOUS END JOINING REPAIR MECHANISM
ATM genene mutation
AR
inheritance patterns of marfan and homocytinuria
marfan: AD
homo: AR
Homocystinguria:retarded (marfan not), megaloblastic anemia, THROMBOSIS, fair complexion
what is seen in pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
lactic acidosis
neurologic
early death
EKG changes in hyperkalemia
peaked t wave loss of p wave prolonged PR widened QRS slow HR
EKG changed in hypokalmeia
QT prolongation
u wave
ST depression
EKG changes in hypercalcemia
QT shortening, t wave flattening or inversion
hypo: QT prolongation
what kind of diarrhea is rotavirus
osmotic
what is KLUVER-BUCY syndroem
rare neuropsychiatric syndrome
medial temporal lobe (AMYGDLAL) fucked up
inappropriate behavior, sexual stuff, oral fixation, hyperphagia, visual agnosia, loss of normal anger and fear reaction, placidity, amnesia, distractibility, seizures, dementia
ASSOCIATED WITH HSV-1
what is “contact inhibition”
when cells (normal ones) are grown on culture they will grow until they touch all boarders and then they stop-medatiaed by CADHERINS and CATENINS
what is XEROSIS (asteatosis dermatitis, “winter itch”)
common in older patients during winter
indoor heaters lower relative air humidity
defects in stratum CORNEUM permeability layer
what is a merkel cell carcinoma
neuroendocrine receptor that sense of touch
blueish-red nodules or flesh-colored on face, neck or head
what is the first step of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and where does it occur
cabamoyl phosphate synthetase II (converts CO2, glutamine, and 2 ATP into carbamoyl phosphate)
occurs in CYTOPLASMq
what are the signs of a pontine hemorrhage
PINPOINT PUPILS loss of horizontal gaze quadriparesis decerebrate posturing rapidly evolving coma that culminates in death within several hours
