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Oral Sciences > Reading 2/13 Histology of PDL > Flashcards

Reading 2/13 Histology of PDL Flashcards

1
Q

PDL forms from:

A

follicle

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2
Q

PDL is made of:

A

CT ligament (PDL is specialized soft tissue)

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3
Q

PDL embeds here:

A

cementum on tooth , alv bone

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4
Q

When do PDL fibers first appear:

A

as root formation begins

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5
Q

These cells begin to proliferate as root formation begins:

A

follicular cells

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6
Q

What cells differentiate to cementoblasts?

A

innermost follicular cells near forming root

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7
Q

What cells differentiate into osteoblasts?

A

outermost follicular cells

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8
Q

Function of differentiated outermost follicular cells

A

make lining of bony pocket

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9
Q

What cells differentiate into fibroblasts?

A

centrally located cells of the follicle

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10
Q

Function of fibroblasts:

A

produce/ break down collagen

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11
Q

What makes the cells that become embedded in the cementum and bone?

A

fibroblasts make the PDL

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12
Q

original orientation of developing fibers of the PDL:

A

obliquely in coronal direction from tooth to bone

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13
Q

TF? The coronal fibroblasts are the stem cells that proliferate and migrate apically.

A

F. apical, migrate cervically

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14
Q

These form the first group of collagen fibers:

A

apical fibroblasts

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15
Q

Stem cells of the PDL:

A

apical fibroblasts

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16
Q

Initial orientation of the CEJ to the crest of the crypt:

A

CEJ apical to crypt, becomes coronal to alveolar crest

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17
Q

TF? PDL doesn’t maintain support for tooth until it comes into functional occlusion.

A

F. erupting and functional support

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18
Q

These remodel the PDL:

A

fibroblasts

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19
Q

TF? Turnover only occurs in the metabolically active middle zone of PDL.

A

F. throughout whole thickness

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20
Q

What is the intermediate plexus?

A

The metabolically active middle zone

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21
Q

In which direction is the differential differentiation of the PDL fibers?

A

apicocervical direction

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22
Q

Where is the highest turnover?

A

apical region, least in coronal

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23
Q

When does maturation and thickening of the fiber bundles of the PDL occur>?

A

as teeth reach functional occlusion

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24
Q

Functions of PDL:

A

formative, supportive, protective, sensory and nutritive

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25
Q

What serves as the periosteum to the bone proper?

A

PDL

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26
Q

What does the PDL serve to the cementum?

A

pericementum

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27
Q

TF? The periodontium is n extension of the gingival CT.

A

T

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28
Q

Range of thickness of PDL:

A

0.15 to 0.38

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29
Q

Is the PDL fairly consistent in size along its length or highly variable?

A

fairly consistent

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30
Q

Does the PDL increase or decrease in size with age?

A

dec

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31
Q

Thinnest part of PDL is located here:

A

midroot zone

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32
Q

PDL is composed of:

A

collagen fiber bundles connecting cementum and avl bone proper

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33
Q

PDL is aka:

A

periodontal membrane

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34
Q

What are principle fibers:

A

fiber bundles that exit cementum and alv bone proper to form the PDL

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35
Q

Name the groups of fiber bundles:

A

apical, oblique, horizontal, alveolar crest, and gingival fiber groups

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36
Q

Types of fibers int he gingival group:

A

circumferential, transseptal, free, and attached gingival fibers

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37
Q

Fibers of the mid-root:

A

horizontal

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38
Q

Fibers directly above apical fibers

A

oblique

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39
Q

Fibers of the cervical region:

A

alveolar crest fibers

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40
Q

FIbers directly below the horizontal fibers:

A

oblique fibers

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41
Q

FIbers that resist vertical forces:

A

Apical

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42
Q

FIbers that resist vertical and intrusive forces:

A

oblique, alveolar crest

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43
Q

FIbers that resist horizontal and tipping forces:

A

horizontal

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44
Q

FIbers that resist vertical and lateral movement::

A

interradicular

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45
Q

FIbers that resist tooth separation; mesial distal

A

transeptal

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46
Q

FIbers that resist gingival displacement:

A

attached gingival, free gingival, ircumferential

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47
Q

Location of attachment of apical fibers:

A

apex of root to fundic proper, extend perpendicularly

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48
Q

Location of attachment of oblique fibers:

A

apical 1/3 of root, extend upward, to adjacent alveolar bone proper

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49
Q

Location of attachment of horizontal fibers;

A

mid-root to adjacent alveolar bone proper

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50
Q

Location of attachment of alveolar crest fibers:

A

cervical root gingiva to alveolar crest of alveolar bone proper

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51
Q

Location of attachment of interradicular fibers:

A

extend perpendicularly bw roots to alveolar bone proper on multirooted teeth

52
Q

Location of attachment of transeptal fibers:

A

cervical tooth to adjacent tooth, M or D to it

53
Q

Location of attachment of attached gingival fibers:

A

cervical cementum to lamina propria attached gingiva

54
Q

Location of attachment of circumferential fibers:

A

continuous around neck of tooth

55
Q

Location of attachment of free gingival fibers:

A

cervical cementum to lamina propria attached gingiva

56
Q

Appearance of circumferential fibers in a longitudinal section:

A

dots

57
Q

Dentoalveolar fiber group consists of these:

A

apical, oblique, horizontal, alveolar crest, interradicular

58
Q

Gingival fiber group consists ofa:

A

transseptal, attached gingiva, free gingival, circumferential

59
Q

Fiber bundles that extend perpendicularly:

A

apical, interradicular

60
Q

Spaces bw fiber bundles:

A

interstitial spaces

61
Q

Content of interstitial spaces:

A

BV, lymph channels, and myellnated and unmyelinated nerves.

62
Q

Function of the contents of the interstitial spaces of PDL:

A

vitality of periodonteum

63
Q

Relation of BV’s & nerves to the tooth:

A

encircle, connect w others that extend vertically from toothapex to gingiva

64
Q

Vessels enter the ligament via:

A

alveolar bone

65
Q

In which direction does the vascular plexus run?

A

in the center, longitudinally in the ligament

66
Q

What is directly adjacent to the alveolar plexus?

A

clear zone (dentin)

67
Q

What is adjacent to the clear zone on the opposite side of the alveolar plexus?

A

BV”s in the pulp

68
Q

Function of circular and longitudinal vessels of PDL:

A

nutrition and dampening the change in shape of the PDL that occurs when the teeth are occluded

69
Q

TF? Longitudinal vessels are arranged with great regularity in the periodontium.

A

T

70
Q

These are a communicating branches of vessels:

A

longitudinal plexus

71
Q

TF? Nerve trunks run in the interstitial space.

A

T

72
Q

Larger nerve trunks traverse here:

A

central zone

73
Q

Type of receptor that may be found int the interstitial space of the PDL:

A

pacinian receptor

74
Q

Arrangement of some organized nerve endings:

A

enclosed in a delicate CT capsule

75
Q

Fibers that make up the bulk of the PDL:

A

principle fibers

76
Q

Function of principle fibers:

A

support

77
Q

Name of the supporting fiber system:

A

indifferent fiber plexus, fine fibers supporting the principal collagen fibers

78
Q

Main cell type found in the dense population of principal collagen fibers of the PDL:

A

fibroblasts

79
Q

Elastic like fibers found in the PDL, around vessel walls, parallel to long axis of tooth:

A

oxytalan fibers

80
Q

These surround oxytalan fibers:

A

a fibrillar and an amorphous zone

81
Q

Arrangement of oxytalan fibers:

A

in parallel, function unknown

82
Q

TF? A single cell can both build up and break down collagen.

A

T (fibroblast/ fibroclast - lysosomal system one end, active procollagen chain synthesis other)

83
Q

What do procollagen chains form?

A

superhelix of the collagen molecule.

84
Q

What is required for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine within the superhelix collagen molecule?

A

vitamin C

85
Q

Cells found in the alveolar bone proper:

A

osteoblasts, cementoblasts

86
Q

TF? osteoblasts, cementoblasts carry out the same function.

A

T

87
Q

What is the collective name of osteoblasts and cementoblasts?

A

osteoclasts

88
Q

Osteoclasts arise from:

A

circulating monocytes

89
Q

Describe the osteoclast cells:

A

Large multinucleated, resorption lacunae

90
Q

Which are more rare, cementoclasts or osteoblasts>

A

cementoblasts

91
Q

When are cementoclasts seen?

A

only during exfoliation of teeth, traumatic occlusion, or possibly w tooth movement

92
Q

TF? Cementum is prone to resorption and req very active turnover because of this.

A

F. not prone to resorption

93
Q

Function of cementum being resistance to resorption:

A

allows orthodontic tooth movement w reluctant remodeling of alveolar bone

94
Q

When are epithelial rests present in the PDL.

A

Throughout life

95
Q

Epi rest cells originate from:

A

root sheath

96
Q

Appearance of epi cells of root sheath;

A

lacy strands, networks, or isolated nests of active or inactive cells

97
Q

Types of epithelial rest cells:

A

proliferating , resting, or degenerating

98
Q

Cause of periodontal disease:

A

bac + specific host inflammatory response

99
Q

Possible cause of individual differences in susceptibility to periodontitis and disease progression:

A

polymorphic nature of the immune system components, alleles may predispose to infectious disease or an unusual disease severity

100
Q

What allows for tooth movement throughout life?

A

PDL, alveolar bone, cementum, and gingiva

101
Q

TF? Tooth buds move spontaneously before eruption at times.

A

T

102
Q

How are late growth changes and tooth wear compensated for?

A

passive eruption and migration

103
Q

What allows for the movement of teeth via ortho:

A

alveolar bones and gingiva modifications

104
Q

How are cells activated to remodel?

A

mechanical load

105
Q

How to move implants and ankylosed teeth endodontically.

A

You can’t, no PDL

106
Q

What is remodeled in ortho moevent?

A

PDL, surrounding bone, entire surface of socket

107
Q

What is created on the opposite side of the tooth movement direction?

A

stretching of PDL, tension, ligament narrower on compression side

108
Q

Arrangement of PDL fibers on the compressed side before movement:

A

disorganized and compacted

109
Q

Affects on compressed side:

A

blood flow dec, cell death, osteoclasts appear

110
Q

Affects on the tension side:

A

fibroblasts become more spindle-shaped and appear oriented with long axis in direction of fiber bundle

111
Q

How many zones of tension/ stretching does a 2-rooted tooth have?

A

2+ zones

112
Q

Zones of compression/ tension in bifurcation area of a 2 rooted tooth:

A

tension zone toward L root, compression zone toward R

113
Q

Where is there a transition zone from tension to compression?

A

apical area

114
Q

Vulnerable area during tooth movement:

A

apical area, too much P –> death of pulp tissue by blood flow blockage

115
Q

Initial response to physical force:

A

displacement of tooth, then permanent structural changes

116
Q

Histo changes w tooth movement:

A

cell type/ number, vascular, ECM

117
Q

The conversion of physical force to biologic response:

A

transduction

118
Q

Type of osteocyte found on the compression side:

A

osteoclast

119
Q

Non-destructve tooth movement:

A

Direct or frontal resoption

120
Q

How long after tooth movements begin do osteoclasts appear?

A

a few hours after

121
Q

From where are osteoclasts recruited?

A

circulating monocytes

122
Q

Osteoclast and blasts stain w:

A

oxidative enzymes

123
Q

Histological appearance of the resorption sites:

A

large, multinucleated, black stained osteoclasts w highly cellular, fibrous zone

124
Q

Fibroblasts proliferate and synthesize new matrix in these sites:

A

tension sites

125
Q

Cells that participate in the degradation of ligament on the compression side:

A

fibroblasts, osteoclasts, macs

Oral Sciences (16 decks)

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