Reading 10/3 Flashcards by Tedman McMahon

The serum component of OF enter via:

damaged oral mucosa, periodontium (crevicular fluid)

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Sublingual gland secretions:

rich in mucin, little amylase

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Parotid gland secretions:

Main source salivary amylase and basic proline-rich proteins, no mucin

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Can change throughout the day:

amt of fluid secreted, protein composition

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Portion of saliva that offers the greatest amount of protection:

protein

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Protection provided by protein portion;

wear, attrition, abrasion, erosion

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Main buffering component of saliva:

bicarbonate

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Function of pellicle:

prevention of acid erosion, lubricating property reduces mechanical wear

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2 reasons pts w Sjorgen’s Syndrome are prone to caries, wear, and erosion:

loss of protection of saliva, sweet and acidic foods to relieve dry mouth

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Functions of mucins:

anti- viral, bacterial, fungal, bolus formation, inhibition of demin, lubrication, viscoelasticity, prevention of inflammation and mech wear

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Functions of histatin:

anti- bacterial, fungal

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Functions of Ig’s:

Anti- viral, fungal

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Function of zinc:

taste

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Function of Cystatins:

anti- viral, bacterial

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Function of bicarbonate phosphate proteins:

buffering

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Function of proline-rich glycoprotein:

lubrication, viscoelasticity, remin

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Salivary component that provide ONLY antibacterial affect:

(VALLL) lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, agglutinin, VEGh

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Function of Ca phosphate, proline-rich glycoproteins and statherin:

remin

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Only salivary component w anti bacterial/viral/fungal properties:

mucins, most important component of saliva

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Function of amylase:

starch to soluble maltose, dextrin, digestion initiation

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Initiates fat digestion:

salivary lipase

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P gland secretions upon mechanical stimulation:

watery fluid, rich in bicarbonate

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Main protein components of P gland secretion:

60% proline-rich proteins, 20% amylase, 7% phosphoproteins (statherin)

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Major constituents of pellicle:

(PPP) phosphoproteins and proline-rich proteins

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Function of both phosphoproteins and proline-rich proteins:

saliva supersaturated w Ca2+

Functions of P gland saliva:

rinsing, neutralization, pellicle formation

TF? Subl and subm gs' are active at rest.

main source of salivary mucins (MUC5B and MUC7):

Subs, and minors

List salivary mucins:

MUC5B and MUC7

Main fxn of MUC5B:

protect (chem, phy, microbial) hard and soft tissues of mouth, large gel-forming molecule, backbone of slime layers of oc, diffusion barrier to noxious agents, protons, reduce wear due to friction

Can saliva substitutes completely replace the role of MUC5B?

saliva substitutes:

carboxymethylcellulose, mucins from animals, organic gums (xanthan)

Binding capability of MUC5B:

limited # of bacteria, esp. H. pylori, H. parainfluenza, Candida albicans, HIV-12

MUC7:

low-molecular weight, broad spectrum bacteria binding, helps in clearance of oc of bacteria

How MUC7 interacts w HIV-1:

encapsulate, inactivate, support adhesion of Strep mutans, enhance colonization - Then ppl w HIV are more prone to caries?

Likely infection w hyposalivation:

palatal candidiasis

Xerostomia, hyposalivation, subjective or objective?

subjective, objective

Are xerostomia and hyposalivation always congruent?

Effects of hyposalivation:

dry tissues, fissures in tongue

Main cause of hyposalivation;

medications: antipsychotics, sedatives, B-blocker, antihypertensives, tranquilizers, all block neurotransmission to sgs

How to overcome blockage of sgs caused by meds?

mech, gustatory stimulation

TF? Mech or gustatory stimulation can be used to increase salivary secretions at any stage of Sjorgen's syndrome.

F. gradually declines with d. progression

Radiation of these structures often leads to complete loss of salivary g function:

tumor in oral cavity or oropharynx, stimulation not an option, palliative tx only, artificial saliva, hydrating gels

TF? Hyposalivation increases w age.

T, but not to an appreciable extent, enough to function

% of pop w hyposalivation:

6-10%

% of ppl over 50 with hyposalivation:

25%

% of ppl over 80 with hyposalivation:

40%

Do neuropharmaceuticals usually have an absolute specificity for their target organ?

Antihypertensives also block:

neuroreceps of sgs

Xerostomis is likely to occur when a pt is taking _#__ mds:

Change in sgs w age:

amt of secretory tissue decreased, but does not lead to an appreciable loss of secretion

Wo antimicrobial proteins and peptides this shift happens:

toward Gram -, more virulent, i.e., C. albicans

C. albican infection can occur after how many days of hyposalivation?

w/in a few

What helps the mucosal tissue to protect the underlying epi against mech, chem, and microbial injury?

mucous slimy layer

Decrease in mucin leads to:

susceptibility to infections, inflammation, and tissue damage

Mineral of dental enamel:

calcium hydroxyapetite

Pellicle has:

calcium-binding phosphoproteins, salivary proteins, mucins in older pellicle

Mucins protect against:

acid

Fxns of salivary proteins:

protect dental surface, inc local conc of Ca and P on mineral surface, remin

Enamel and dentin material is what type of salt?

basic

hydroxyapetite at neutral pH, soluble or insoluble in saliva?

insoluble

pH of saliva under normal condition:

6.8

pH of intrinsically low saliva:

6.2, prone to caries and erosion

pH rises to this after bicarbonate secretion:

7.4

Name an agglutinating factor:

sIgA

Main secretory protein of adaptive immunity in saliva:

sIgA

Function of bacteria-agglutinating factor:

antimicrobial

sIgA binds:

selectively to antigens (microbes, viruses), prevents attachment to dental surfaces

How can anitgen binding be prevented?

agglutination of microbes, hampering motility by interfering with flagellum, blocking interactions bw recep and ligand on epi cell

Cells of these tissue are responsible for local IgA production:

MALT (tonsils, Peyer's patches, etc.)

What happens after IgA is activated?

migrate to exocrine glands, stay in interstitium as IgA-producing palsma cells, make polymeric form of IgA, get taken up by glandular acinar cells, then secreted in saliva as sIgA

Other main agglutinating factors besides sIgA:

low-MW mucin MUC7 (serous cells, subl and subm), salivary agglutinin gp340

Cells that secrete MUC7:

serous

Glands that make MUC7:

subl and subm

Glands that secrete gp340:

parotid and subm

What gland secretes both MUC7 and gp340?

subm

Function of sIgA, gp340, and MUC7:

interfere in soluble phase w binding of microbes to oral surfaces

MUC7 and gp340, broad specificity or not?

yes, broad

Proteins that inactivate or kill bacteria:

lysozyme (gram-positive bacterias), lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin, and antimicrobial peptides (histatins, cathelicidin LL-37)

Lysozyme acts on:

gram-positive baceria

Ex's of antimicrobial peptides:

salivary glycoproteins, histatins and cathelicidin LL-37

rheology:

branch of physics that deals w deformation and flow of matter

Most important constituent of saliva:

mucins (viscoelasticity, resistance to proteolytic degradation)

TF? Saliva of healthy elderly people is sufficient in volume.

Subl g is the largest supplier of:

lipase and proline-rich glycoproteins