reach and grasp

Question 1

new borns can track an abject using

Answer 1

saccadic eye movements

Question 2

at birth and infant can move his attention from one object to another. as he matures, he goes through a period of obligatory looking, but is able to disengage from and object again by about

Answer 2

4 mo

Question 3

limited smooth pursuit is present at birth and begins to improve at _____. infants track objects well by ________ and use the head and eyes together by _____

Answer 3

6 wks
3 mo
5 mo

Question 4

head-arm movements are strongly coupled by

Answer 4

2 mo

Question 5

infants gain trunk postural stability, providing a stable base for the emergence of reaching at

Answer 5

4 mo

Question 6

moves arm when visually fixated on and object, open hand

Answer 6

newborn

Question 7

frequincey of reaching decreases, hand fisted

Answer 7

2 mo

Question 8

frequency of reaching increases, hand open, infants acquire skill in aiming movements and become realistic in their reaching

Answer 8

3 mo

Question 9

reaching movements are _____

Answer 9

visually triggered

Question 10

reaching occurs in several steps, bimanual reaching may dominate, elbow may be locked, final approach is crooked/awkward, reaching becomes visually guided

Answer 10

4-5 mo

Question 11

reaching becomes smoother (fewere steps and straigener approach), unilateral reaching may begin, elbow is used

Answer 11

6 mo

Question 12

coordinated/complementary bimanual reaching (transfers objects) controlled release

Answer 12

8-9 mo

Question 13

reaching changes little from

Answer 13

9 mo to 7 years

Question 14

use ballistic reaching strategies

Answer 14

5 yr old

Question 15

constantly monitor and control their reaches witha closed loop strategy

Answer 15

7 yr old

Question 16

children combine strategies to improve efficiency and reduce the mound of attention required

Answer 16

9-11 yr olds

Question 17

reflexive grasp, hand is open during reaching

Answer 17

newborn to 2 mo

Question 18

hand is fisted during reaching

Answer 18

2 mo

Question 19

open hand when infant is visually fixated on target

Answer 19

3 mo

Question 20

infants begin to use vision to correct hand trajectory, palmar grasp emerges

Answer 20

4-5 mo

Question 21

infants expect to see hand and performance is disturbed if vision of hand is blocked; visual info is used to adjust grip configuration, radial palmar grasp

Answer 21

5-6 mo

Question 22

opening of hand during reaching is related to size of object, pincer grasp emerges

Answer 22

8-9 mo

Question 23

grasp is initiated earlier in the reach, timing is similar to adults, pincer grasp is well-developed

Answer 23

12-13 mo

Question 24

grip and load force are negatively correlated, tendency to over-shoot target

Answer 24

2 yrs

Question 25

children begin to use and anticipatory control strategy for grasp (grip and load force become positively correlated, less overshooting)

Answer 25

4 yrs

Question 26

grip and load forces are programmed in parallel to prevent slips and avoid squeezing too hard, integration of feedback and feedforward stragies

Answer 26

adults

Question 27

rotation of held objects

Answer 27

2 mo

Question 28

translation of grasped objects

Answer 28

3 mo

Question 29

vibration of held objects

Answer 29

4 mo

Question 30

bilateral hold of 2 objects

2 handed hold of a single object

Answer 30

4.5 mo

Question 31

find partially hidden objects, explores objects with hands and mouth

Answer 31

6-7 mo

Question 32

object permamence and separation anxiety

Answer 32

8 mo

Question 33

begins to use objects correctly, imitates gestures

Answer 33

12 mo

Question 34

stacks 2 blocks, adapts reaching to the weight of the object

Answer 34

13-15 mo

Question 35

stacks 3 blocks, understands objects go together

Answer 35

18 mo

Question 36

stacks 6 blocks, sorts by shape/color, begins pretend play

Answer 36

2 yrs

Question 37

completes puzzle with 3-4 peices

Answer 37

3 yrs