postural control

Question 1

almost all reflexes should be integrated by

Answer 1

9-12 months

Question 2

development of postural control involves the cooperation between what 3 systems

Answer 2

neural sensory
neuromotor
musculoskeletal

Question 3

across cultures despite indivitual differences

Answer 3

sequential

Question 4

cepahlocaudal

proximal to distal

Answer 4

dirctional concepts

Question 5

the relationship between these = postural control

Answer 5

mobility and stability

Question 6

first movements or reflexes are initiated by sensation and continues with voluntary control

Answer 6

sensory input

Question 7

problems associated with retention of primitive reflexes

Answer 7

CP
TBI
genetic syndromes

Question 8

automatic responses to sensory input that act to keep the body parts in alignment, maintain equilibrium and prevent injury
are of primary importance with static and dynamic blaance

Answer 8

postural reactions

Question 9

when do postural reactions appear

Answer 9

beween 2- 18 mo with few exceptions, persist throughout life

Question 10

types of postural reactions

Answer 10

righting (vertical and rotational)
equilibrium (tilting and postural fixation)
protective

Question 11

automatic postural responses elicited by sensory input taht signal that the head or trunk is not in midline

Answer 11

righting reactions: adjustments of the head and trunk

Question 12

to prevent or break a fall
elicited by vestibular input that signals a change in head position
these reactions are often delayed or absent in persons with severe disabilities

Answer 12

protective reactions: extension of the limbs when balance is challenged

Question 13

to prevent falls
elicited by vestibular input from any position
5 key positions for testing

Answer 13

equilibrium reactions: total body responses

prone, supine, sitting, all fours, and standing

Question 14

when do equilibrium reactions appear

Answer 14

5-18 mo of age and persist for life

Question 15

appropriate muscle response to perturbation

Answer 15

reactive postural adjustments (RPA’s)

Question 16

cognitive process for predicting postural requirements and selecting timely antisipatory motor strategies
learned with voluntary movements to sit, crawl, and walk

Answer 16

anticipatory postural adjustments (APA’s)

Question 17

emerge in parallel during development

Answer 17

APA’s and RPA’s

Question 18

postural responses of the head are seen as early as

Answer 18

3 postnatal days

Question 19

sway in response to looming visual stimulus in independent sitting is seen at

Answer 19

11-16 mo

Question 20

postural responses to looming visual stimulus is supported stance are seen as early as

Answer 20

5 mo