autism

Question 1

Domains of Autism symptoms

Answer 1

social communication impairment

restricted interests/repetitive behaviors

Question 2

diagnostic criteria

Answer 2

3 deficits in social communication and at least two symptoms in restricted range of activities/repetitive behaviors

Question 3

new symptom will be included in diagnostic criteria

Answer 3

hyper or hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusually interests in sensory aspects of the environment

Question 4

when are children diagnosed

Answer 4

a diagnosis of autism at age 2 can be reliable, valid and stable

Question 5

High systemizers choose each other as mates, and may be pass on genetic risk for ASD to children

Answer 5

assortative mating

Question 6

those that only cope with highly lawful systems, and cannot cope with systems of high variance or change, such as the social world of other minds, appear ‘change-resistant’

Answer 6

systemizers

Question 7

environmental risks for ASD

Answer 7

maternal, paternal age

ongoing research for a lot of things

Question 8

strengths in ASD

Answer 8

often highly skilled in a particular area
Attention to detail
tendency to be logical (good for decision making)
usually visual processing

Question 9

Signs of ASD

Answer 9

differences in social interaction and communication

Question 10

defining symptom of autism

Answer 10

social impairment

Question 11

ASD red flags

Answer 11

no babbling or pointing by age 1
no single words by 16 mo or two-word phrases by age 2
no response to name
loss of language or social skills
poor eyecontact or poor use of eye gaze

Question 12

other ASD red flags

Answer 12

excessive lining up of toys or objects
lack of smiling or social responsiveness, lack of shared enjoyment
lack of joint attention
limited interaction
lack of gestures to compensate for communication difficulties
“sticky” attention

Question 13

absolute indicators of ASD

Answer 13

No babbling by 12 mo
No gesturing by 12 mo
No single words by 16 mo
No two word spontaneous phrases by 24 mo
loss of language or social skills at any age

Question 14

Other indicators

Answer 14

at 12 mo
sleep difficulties
eating difficulties
play: differences in object exploration (lack of, unusual)

Question 15

communication/speech differences
use of language differences
reciprocal communication- ‘five and take’ of conversations
body language
restricted interests/repetitive behaviors
sensory differences

Answer 15

1 ASD in older kids

Question 16

motor differences in ASD

Answer 16

postural asymmetries
gait; lack of heel toe pattern, lack of reciprocal arm movements, more waddling
jitteriness and irritability or reduced motor activity, excessive stereotypical object play
excessive time looking at nearby objects

Question 17

motor differences in toddlers with eventual diagnosis

Answer 17

atypical hand and finger movements

more stereotypical object play (excessive banging or preoccupation with spinning objects or with part of an object)

Question 18

motor stereotypes

Answer 18

rhythmic, repetitive, fixed, predictable but “purposeless” movements

Question 19

children with ASD demonstrated significantly more

Answer 19

sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking (SIRS) behaviors simultaneously

Question 20

studies have found that children with ASD demonstrate increasingly _______ as they age

Answer 20

complex repetitive behaviors

Question 21

sensory processing patterns

Answer 21

hyper reponsiveness
hyporesponsiveness
enhanced perception
sensory seeking

Question 22

hyper responsiveness

Answer 22

avoidance/sensitivities

Question 23

hyporesponsiveness

Answer 23

bystander

Question 24

enhanced perception

Answer 24

hyper-aware/detail oriented

Question 25

sensory seeking

Answer 25

lots of sensory input

Question 26

easily overwhelmed by sensory input and try to get away from sensory experiences

Answer 26

avoiders

Question 27

they notice every detail, such as texture, spices or temp of food, and only certain textures etc are acceptable
can detect a different brand of popcorn or spice
can be demanding about the precise way they want a meal or their clothing

Answer 27

sensors

Question 28

miss sensory input that other notice, and so have an easy time being in many types of places
not distracted by small inputs and can concentrate even in busy places that might be challenging for others
might also miss sensory input such as someone calling their name; they may seem oblivious to the inputs that other notice easily

Answer 28

bystanders

Question 29

All children should be screened for ASD _____ before age 2

Answer 29

twice

once at 18 mo and once at 24 mo

Question 30

All children should be screened for ASD _____ before age 2

Answer 30

twice

once at 18 mo and once at 24 mo

Question 31

all children should be screened for developmental delays and disabilities during regular well-child doctors visits at

Answer 31

9 mo
18 mo
24 mo
30 mo

Question 32

all children should be screened specifically for ASDs during regular well-child doctor visits at

Answer 32

18 mo
24 mo
additional screening might be needed if a child is a high risk for ASDs or if behaviors sometimes associated with ASDs are present

Question 33

determines if a child meets diagnostic criteria for autism
assessment attempts to gather info about the child
part of a broader, multi-disciplinary assessment

Answer 33

diagnostic tool

Question 34

20 item yes/no parent response checklist
follow up scripted interview for failed items reduces false positives
tested on 16-30 mo old
translated into multiple languages, used in many countries

Answer 34

MCAT-R

Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers

Question 35

6 key principles of coaching

Answer 35

authentic contexts
Family interests and routines
caregiver interaction and responsiveness
observation
modeling
joint plans