rationalism and modern-day development of lawn tennis

Question 1

how was Real Tennis rationalised and developed into the modern-day game of Lawn Tennis:

Answer 1

• middle-class invention due to aspiration to be like the upper class but unable to afford facilities for Real Tennis
• female participation was first allowed in 1884 helping to overcome suppression and negative stereotypes
• positive female role models inspired participation

Question 2

elite female tennis players:

Answer 2

• WTA illustrates how tennis can be viewed as one of few sportswomen played a significant role in
• many women created their own tour away from men because of the pay dispute.
• provided opportunities for women to play at the top level, eventually earning millions.

Question 3

open era:

Answer 3

when professional tennis players were allowed to play alongside amateurs

Question 4

how was athletics rationalised and developed into track and field athletics:

Answer 4

• industrialisation of society led to rural fairs being replaced by urban fairs, as people migrated to towns and cities for work
• in the mid-nineteenth century purpose-built facilities for track and field events
• lots of people started spectating and wagering over events
• the upper and middle class would run for enjoyment as the sport was rationalised (amateur sport)

Question 5

what is the golden triangle?

Answer 5

the interrelationship between Sport, Business and Media

Question 6

how do sport, business and media interlink:

Answer 6

without media coverage, sports are less attractive to sponsors who want their business or product to be published to as many people as possible

Question 7

what is commercialism:

Answer 7

• the process of attempting to gain money for an activity e.g. sport

Question 8

what is sponsorship:

Answer 8

• when a company pays for its products to be displayed or advertised, usually as an attempt to increase the sales of their goods

Question 9

what is merchandising:

Answer 9

• the practice in which the brand or image from one ‘product’ is used to sell another, e.g. professional sport

Question 10

the 6 characteristics of commercialisation sports:

Answer 10

1. wide media coverage
2. contracts
3. athletes as commodities
4. entertainment
5. sponsorship and business
6. professional sport

Question 11

expand on the characteristics of commercialisation sports:

Answer 11

1. high profile sport, well-matched competition, high skill level
2. involving sales of merchandise and bidding for television rights
3. e.g. assets to companies through product endorsement which brings increased sales
4. watching sport is a part of the mass entertainment industry
5. they go hand in hand
6. high quality = high skill level

Question 12

why do companies invest lots of money into sports;

Answer 12

• improves company morale
• creates an association with the healthy image of the sport
• gives an opportunity to link to a corporate hospital
• increased sales / commercial benefits / increased profit / increased publicity
• can decrease the amount of taxes paid by a company (tax relief)

Question 13

what is globilisation:

Answer 13

• the process whereby nations are increasingly being linked together and people are becoming more independent via improvements in communication and travel

Question 14

how is globalisation involved in sport:

Answer 14

• sponsorship of events
• players are recruited to play for teams in other countries
• increased pressure for players to perform their best

Question 15

what impact has social media had on sport:

Answer 15

• some players or coaches have posted inappropriate comments and gotten in trouble. (fines)
• players and fans can globally communicate
• provides information regarding sport