pe attitudes Flashcards
trait theory
the features or traits that you are born with.
interactionist perspective
this concept attempts to explain how aspects of personality are developed and how the behaviour of a sportsman or sportswoman can be influenced by both genetic and environmental influences
whats Lewin’s calculation?
B = f (P * E)
- behaviour is a … of … and …
- behaviour is adapted to the …, change eniroment … change behaviour
- behaviour is a function of personality and environment
- behaviour is adapted to the environment, change environment = change behaviour
social learning approach
social learning is when you learn characteristics and traits from those around us, especially those we hold in high esteem
what did Bandura come up with that links to the social learning approach
observe —> identify —> reinforce —> copy
what is Hollanders approach to interactionist approach and describe each one
hollander believed that personality is made up of these three features:
- the core of the performer - represents the values and beliefs of the performer
- the typical responses - are the use of the inherited traits displayed to specific situations
- role-related behaviour - this suggests that the performer might adopt or adapt to a very specific role when the situation demands it
attitude formation:
- socialisation - process where cultured values are learnt by associating with others
- we learn from significant others when the information is reinforce or repeated
- they are conditioned by behaviour that is successful and reinforced - praise will develop a positive attitude between coach and player
- this can be negative if the behaviour learnt is negative or if the reinforcement is negative - praise for cheating behaviour
attidues: Triadic-Model - CAB
- cognitive - your beliefs and thoughts, e.g. a belief in exercise benefits
- affective - your feelings or emotional response, e.g. enjoying training
- behavioural - your actions or intended behaviour, e.g. training three times a week
can attitudes be positive or negative
attitudes can be both positive or negative
what does a positive attitude create?
- familiarisation
- learned from the models
- learned from beliefs
- learned by condition behaviour
- learned from influence of significant others
What are the attitude concepts to change?
cognitive dissonance - Joe Topa agreement
persuasive communication - “that behaviour isnt helping so pick yourself up and go again”
what is cognitive dissonance
cognitive dissonance:
- new inforamtion given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change
- dissonance means to create some conflict
- this is settled when attitudes are aligned and discomfort/conflict resolved
what is persuasive communication
- you can be talked around but it is hard if core beliefs are stable making people resiliant to change
- the message needs to be understood and have real quality
- new information should outweigh old beliefs allowing a change in attitude
- the message should be given by someone of high status or the model to have an effect
- timing is also important
changing attitudes -
negative attitudes can be changed to positive ones by:
- persuasion from a “perceived expert”
- making it fun when they train
- allowing early access
- using positive reinforcement and results
- pointing out the benefits of exercise
- using role models
cognitive dissonance
