achievement motivation Flashcards
what is achievement motivation:
- the desire with which competitive situations are approached or avoided.
- the degree of competitiveness can be a personality trait and/or it can be developed through sporting experiences and change with the situation
- Atkinson suggested 2 personality types
definition for achievement motivation:
- summed up as ‘the desire to succeed minus the fear of failure’
what were Atkins 2 personality types:
1 - Approach behaviour - approaches competition with enthusiasm - asks to take the penalty
2 - Avoidance behaviour - tries to avoid the competition - at the back of the group for penalties
what are the characteristics of Approach behaviour: (NACH)
NACH ( NEED TO ACHIEVE) approach behaviour:
- the need to achieve
- welcome competition
- they take risks
- welcome feedback and evaluation
- like a challenge
- Task Persistent - try harder after failure
- confident
- attribute success internally
- base their actions on seeking pride and satisfaction from their performance
what are the characteristics of Avoidance behaviour: (NAF)
NAF (NEED TO AVOID FAILURE) Avoidance behaviour:
- the need to avoid failure
- avoid competition
- take the easy option
- give up easily
- Do not like feedback or evaluation
- Do not take responsibility for their actions
what determines NACH or NAF
- approach behaviour depends on the interaction of personality and the situation
- the need to achieve or avoid failure are situation specific
definition for interaction
the combination of the situational and personality factors that decide the level of achievement motivation
how does personality affect performance
Personality:
- need to achieve or avoid failure
- introvert or extrovert
- confidence
- innate or developed
- aggression/arousal/anxiety
how does situation affect performance
Situation:
- Probability of Success - Easy or Hard
- Incentive Value - High or low incentive
- Familiar or unfamiliar environment
- High Risk = High Reward
Situation definition for:
- Probability of success
- Incentive Value
- Probability of success in task - high chance leads to high motivation, low chance then people give up, lack motivation
- incentive value - reward gained from the task, high value reward leads to high motivation, low value rewards then people give up, lack motivation
How can you develop the need to achieve:
- Attribute success internally:
- tell the player that success is due to them
- use reinforcement:
- a coach could offer praise and rewards to player who do well or achieve goals, this maintains motivation and promotes task persistence
- set goals:
- goals should be realistic and achievable which means satisfaction is gained
- Process or Outcome goals
- improve confidence/ self-efficacy
- allow success:
- encourage belief and motivation to improve confidence by setting easy drills
what is the achievement goal theory: motivation and task persistence depend on the type of goals set and how they succeed is measured
Task Related:
- measure the process of success against the performers own standards
- regardless of the result success can be achieved and confidence and confidence maintained
Outcome Related:
- doesn’t matter how the result is achieved as long as the goal is reached
- if the performer succeeds pride and satisfaction are maintained
- if they fail confidence and motivation can be lowered
achievement motivation summary:
- the need to achieve and the need to avoid failure are personality types with different characteristics
- approach and avoidance behaviour is influenced by the interaction of personality and situation
- approach behaviour can be developed by a careful goal setting strategy
