Rare Diseases, immunity & overview Flashcards
dogma of brain & immunity before 1990
sealed off:
no inflammatory system
no immune response
no lymphatic drainage
why? we couldn’t see MHC molecules until then
MHC
major histocompatibility complex
for antigen presentation
bind, respond & signal to dendritic immune cells
MHC class I
endogenous
in almost every cell
MHC class II
exogenous
specific to antigen-presenting cells
i.e. immune cells
TREM2
new risk gene for AD
knockout increases risk
CSF location
subarachnoid space
glymphatic system
another drainage system
highly dependent on blood pressure
and sleep
B-way next to the lymphatic highway
right next to blood vessels
washed out amyloid
innate immune cells in the brain
perivascular macrophages
microglial astrocytes
innate immune system definition
non-specific
genetically determined
basic resistance to everything
instant response
adaptive immune system
waits a few days
acquired
response to specific challenges
T cells
part of adaptive immune system
trained in thymus
enters brain only with MHC
often recruits perivascular macrophages
T cell types
CD8+ factor killer cells
CD4+ recruits more immune cells
T-regs or T-suppressors create tolerance
APCs
antigen-presenting cells
mostly dendritic cells & macrophages
security guards
present MHCs
B cells
from adaptive immune system
neutralise
agglutinate = pull apart
precipitate = make less soluble
complement fixation = drill holes
perforin
makes holes in cells
inducing lysis
