Addiction Flashcards
reward in addiction
only important in early phase
later loss of control takes over
addiction research paradigms
habituation studies (drug associated with environment)
operant self-administration (i.e. Skinner box)
optimal plan for addiction
restricted & intermittent
phases of addiction
- sampling and social use
- escalation phase (animals converge to optimal level)
- withdrawal
- recurrent relapse
reinstatement models
modelling relapse
cue associated with alcohol
cue disappears
appears again
contingency management
abstinence is actively rewarded
works, but only as long reward is given
quinine resistant alcohol consumption
makes it taste bitter
how far do animals go to still get drunk?
limited exposure paradigm
random interval reinforcement
leads to stable drug seeking behavior
long access sessions paradigm
experiments with much longer timescale
studying loos of control
long-term brain changes in addiction
single cocaine injection increases AMPA and NMDA in VTA
-> more learning, more LTP
short term effect also in sugar
long term only for cocaine
more GABA release from amygdala in chronically exposed rats
dorsal striatum in addiction
driving habitual behaviour
more branching in chronic alcohol
impairs long-term depression
Lister Hooded rats
model for human drinking
variation, always high and low drinkers
high drinkers lose control in general
pre-existing difference:
more connectivity striatum to pre limbic cortex
