Brain Development Flashcards
how did evolution enable human’s big cortex?
surface increase through folding
skull still malleable at birth
some growth happens after birth
brain development examples
sulci appear around 6 months
cerebellum is only finished at 1.5 years
general principle brain development
initial overproduction
scaffolding by radial glia cells
then selection by growth factors and neuronal activity
symmetric division
two stem cells
asymmetric division
one stem cell, one multipotent progenitor
differentiative division
two multipotent progenitors
stem cells against PD
can actually replace dying neurons
but they keep dying
-> pathology comes from somewhere else
difference regeneration throughout body
not permissive in brain
easy in periphery
e. g. cutting your fingers
teratoma
stem cell derived tumors
those things that grow hair and teeth
usually in kids
poor prognosis
risks and issues iPSCs and organoids
expensive
a lot of animal-derived serum
include tutor factors
variation, even within patient-derived ones
types of neuron movement during development
radial migration
nuclear translocation
growth cones
tips of axons
sensitive to signalling molecules
attract or repel outgrowing axons
guidance molecules
produced by a target
diffusible
repeal or attract molecules
often chemoattractant / repellent
notochord
sends inductive signals to ectoderm
causes differentiation into neural precursor cells
defines midline and ante-post axis
neurolation
folding of embryos
neural plate becomes neural tube
many cells move away from brain
form e. g. adrenal gland
-> neural crest-derived tissue
