Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 > Rapid Review & Other Quick Facts > Flashcards

Rapid Review & Other Quick Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Autoantibody to ACh receptor

A

myasthenia gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Autoantibody to basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Autoantibody to cardiolipin

lupus anticoagulant

A

SLE

antiphospholipid syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

autoantibody to centromere

A

limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

autoantibody to desmoglein

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anti-dsDNA

anti-Smith

A

SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anti-glutamate decarboxylase

A

Type I DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

anti-hemidesmosome

A

bullous pemphigoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antihistone

A

drug-induced lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-Jo-1
anti-SRP
anti-Mi-2

A

polymyositis -> no skin involvement
dermatomyositis -> have lilac eyelids/skin involvement
both have increased risk of visceral cancers
CD8 T cells in muscle & blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

antimicrosomal

antithyroglobulin

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

antimitochondrial

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

antinuclear antibodies

A

SLE, nonspecific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topo I) antibodies

A

scleroderma (diffuse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anti-smooth muscle antibodies

A

autoimmune hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anti-SSA

Anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La)

A

Sjogren syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anti-TSH receptor

A

Graves disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)

A

mixed connective tissue disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA)

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

IgA antiendomysial

IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase

A

celiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA)

A

microscopic polyangiitis

Churg-Strauss syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
Rheumatoid factor (mostly IgM specific to IgG Fc region)
anti-CCP
A

Rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the effects of the body on the drug

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

A

pharmacokinetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the effects of the drug on the body

Potency, Toxicity, Efficacy

A

pharmacodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
drugs that have High volume of distribution are
small lipophilic molecules | Tissue compartment: all tissues including fat
26
How many half-lives does it take for a drug to reach steady state if continuously infused?
4-5 half-lives
27
Have zero-order elimination
aspirin alcohol phenytoin
28
maximal effect a drug can produce
efficacy
29
amount of drug needed for a given effect
potency
30
prevents release of NT at all cholinergic terminals
botulinum toxin
31
part of the sympathetic nervous system but are innervated by cholinergic fibers
adrenal medulla | sweat glands
32
abdominal pain ascites hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari syndrome | posthepatic venous thrombosis
33
Achilles tendon xanthoma
familial hypercholesterolemia | decreased LDL signaling
34
Adrenal hemorrhage hypotension DIC
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome | meningococcemia
35
Anterior "drawer sign" +
anterior cruciate ligament injury
36
Arachnodactyly lens dislocation aortic dissection hyperflexible joints
``` Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect) ```
37
Athlete with polycythemia
secondary to EPO injection
38
back pain fever night sweats weight loss
Pott disease | vertebral TB
39
bilateral hilar adenopathy | uveitis
sarcoidosis | noncaseating granulomas
40
blue sclera
``` osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect) ```
41
bluish line on gingiva
Burton line | lead poisoning
42
bone pain bone enlargement arthritis
Paget disease of bone | (increased osteoblastic & osteoclastic activity
43
bounding pulses diastolic heart murmur head bobbing
aortic regurgitation
44
butterfly facial rash & | Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
SLE
45
``` cafe-au-lait spots Lisch nidules (iris hamartoma) ```
NF I | + pheochromotcytoma, optic gliomas
46
cafe-au-lait spots polyostotic fibrous dysplasia precocious puberty multiple endocrine abnormalities
McCune-Albright syndrome | mosaic G protein signaling mutation
47
calf pseudohypertrophy
muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
48
Cherry-red spots on macula
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) Neimann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation) central retinal artery occlusion
49
chest pain pericardial effusion/friction rub persistent fever following MI
``` Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after episode) ```
50
child uses arms to stand up from squat
Gowers sign | Duchenne muscular dystrophy
51
child with fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body
"slapped cheeks" | erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19
52
chorea dementia caudate degeneration
``` Huntingdon disease (AD; CAG repeat expansion) ```
53
chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
``` McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) ```
54
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
55
conjugate lateral gaze palsy | horizontal diplopia
``` internuclear ophthlamoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral stroke) ```
56
continuous "machine-like" murmur
PDA | close with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol
57
cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
myxedema | caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial]
58
dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
59
deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
60
dermatitis dementia diarrhea
Pellagra | niacin [B3] deficiency
61
dilated cardiomyopathy edema alcoholism or malnutrition
``` Web beriberi (thiamine [B1] deficiency) ```
62
dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasteurella multocida | cellulitis at inoculation site
63
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
``` Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) ```
64
dysphagia (esophageal webs) glossitis iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome | may progress to squamous cell carcinoma
65
elastic skin | hypermobility of joints
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | type III collagen defect
66
enlarged hard supraclavicular node
``` Virchow node (abdominal metastasis) ```
67
erythroderma lymphadenopathy hepatosplenomegaly atypical T cells
``` Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood) ```
68
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign | hypocalcemia
69
Fat, female, 40 and fertile
cholelithiasis | gallstones
70
fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
Jerische-Herxheimer reaction | rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release
71
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
measles
72
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
73
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie disease | connective tissue disorder
74
gout intellectual disability self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome | HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive
75
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie disease | connective tissue disorder
76
gout intellectual disability self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome | HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive
77
green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings | copper accumulation from Wilson disease
78
Hamartomatous GI polyps | hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk, mainly GI
79
hepatosplenomegaly osteoporosis neurologic symptoms
``` Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency) ```
80
hereditary nephritis sensorineural hearing loss cataracts
Alport syndrome | mutation in collagen IV
81
hyperphagia hypersexuality hyperorality hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome | bilateral amygdala lesion
82
hyperreflexia hypertonia Babinski present
UMN damage
83
hyporeflexia hypotonia atrophy fasciculations
LMN damage
84
hypoxemia polycythemia hypercapnia
Blue Bloater | chronic bronchitis; hyperplasia of mucous cells
85
indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
``` nonpainful chancre (primary syphilis, T pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) ```
86
infant with a cleft lip/palate microcephaly or holoprosencephaly polydactyly cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome | trisomy 13
87
infant with failure to thrive hepatosplenomegaly neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease | genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency
88
infant with hypoglycemia failure to thrive hepatosplenomegaly
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
89
``` beta amyloid deposited in the brain neurofibrillary tangles (tau protein -> normally aids assembly of microtubules) ```
Alzheimer disease
90
infant with microcephaly rocker-bottom feet clenched hands structural heart defect
Edwards syndrome | trisomy 18
91
jaundice | palpable distended nontender gallbladder
``` Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree) ```
92
large rash with Bull's-eye appearance
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite | Lyme disease: Borrelia
93
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
epidural hematoma | middle meningeal artery rupture
94
male child recurrent infections no mature B cells
Bruton disease | X-linked agammaglobulinemia
95
mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
``` Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) ```
96
muffled heart sounds distended neck veins hypotension
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
97
multiple colon polyps osteomas/soft tissue tumors impacted supernumerary teeth
``` Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP) ```
98
myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) exercise intolerance
``` Pompe disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4 glucosidase deficiency) ```
99
substitution of glutamate (charged) for valine (noncharged) in beta subunit of hemoglobin
Sickle cell
100
neonate with arm paralysis following a difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy | superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip"
101
no lactation postpartum absent menstruation cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome | pituitary infarction
102
nystagmus intention tremor scanning speech bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Multiple sclerosis
103
oscillating slow/fast breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respirations | central apnea in CHF or increased ICP
104
painful blue fingers/toes | hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease | autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma penumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
105
painful pale cold fingers/toes
Raynaud phenomenon | vasospasm in extremities
106
painful raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes
``` Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition) ```
107
painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
``` Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses) ```
108
painless jaundice
cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct
109
palpable purpura on buttocks/legs joint pain abdominal pain (in child) hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein purpura | IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys
110
pancreatic, parathyroid and pituitary tumors
MEN1 (AD)
111
Anti-Jo1 antibodies are specific ANA + in many cases Muscle weakness
Dermatomyositis
112
periorbital and/or peripheral edema proteinuria hypoalbuminemia hypercholesterolemia
nephrotic syndrome
113
pink complexion dyspnea hyperventilation
"pink puffer" | emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1AT deficiency]
114
``` polyuria renal tubular necrosis type II growth failure electrolyte imbalances hypophosphatemic rickets ```
``` Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect) ```
115
pruritic purple polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P's)
Lichen planus
116
ptosis miosis anhidrosis
Horner syndrome | sympathetic chain lesion
117
pupil accommodates but doesn't react
Argyll Robertson pupil | neurosyphilis
118
rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/URI
Guillain-Barre syndrome | acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
119
Rash on palms & soles
Rocky Mtn spotted fever coxsackie A secondary syphilis
120
recurrent colds unusual eczema high serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome | Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
121
red "current jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
Klebsiella pneumoniae
122
red "current jelly" stools
acute mesenteric ischemia (adults) | intussusception (infants)
123
red itchy swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget disease of the breast | sign of underlying neoplasm
124
red urine in the morning | fragile RBCs
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
125
renal cell carcinoma (bilateral) hemangioblastomas angiomatosis pheochromocytoma
``` VHL disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation) ```
126
resting tremor rigidity akinesia postural instability
``` Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion) ```
127
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
``` Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis) ```
128
severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome | congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
129
Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign | acute appendicitis
130
severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney sign | acute appendicitis
131
ectopic production of EPO
renal cell carcinoma | hepatocellular carcinoma
132
locations of extramedullary hematopoiesis
liver & spleen | this produces hepatosplenomegaly
133
pulmonary valve flow murmur
anemia
134
hyperchromasia (lack central pallor) | increased MCHC
hereditary spherocytosis
135
increased unconjugated bilirubin in the blood
heme degradation by macrophages
136
location of stored iron (as ferritin and hemosiderin)
macrophages in bone marrow
137
master regulator of iron
hepcidin
138
level of unconjugated bilirubin required to produce visible evidence of jaundice
> 2.5 mg/dL
139
Why does paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria occur at night?
resp acidosis at night enhances attachment of complement to RBCs, neutrophils and platelets
140
transient anemia in child with measles, mumps, flu & chickenpox association with syphilis fixation of complement at cold temps red to brown urine
paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria | bithermal antibody
141
Anti-CCP antibodies | Anti-cycliccitrullinated peptide
Rheumatoid arthritis
142
short stature increased incidence of tumors/leukemia aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia | genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML
143
single palmar crease
Down syndrome
144
situs inversus chronic sinusitis bronchiectasis infertility
``` Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia) ```
145
skin hyperpigmentation hypotension fatigue
Addison disease | primary adrenal insufficiency causes increased ACTH and increased alpha-MSH production
146
slow progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy | X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne
147
small irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
Koplik spots | measles, rubeola virus
148
smooth flat moist painless white lesions on genitals
condylomata lata | secondary syphilis
149
splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
bacterial endocarditis
150
strawberry tongue
scarlet fever Kawasaki disease toxic shock syndrome
151
``` streak ovaries congenital heart disease horseshoe kidney cystic hygroma at birth short stature webbed neck lymphedema ```
Turner syndrome | 45,XO
152
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint | tophi
Gout/podagra | hyperuricemia
153
swollen gums mucosal bleeding poor wound healing petechiae
scurvy | vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis
154
swollen hard painful finger joints
osteoarthritis | osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes]
155
systolic ejection murmur | crescendo-decrescendo
aortic valve stenosis
156
thyroid and parathyroid tumors | pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A | AD RET mutation
157
thyroid tumors pheochromocytoma ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B | AD RET mutation
158
toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign | UMN
159
unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Facial nerve palsy | LMN CN VII palsy
160
Urethritis conjunctivitis arthritis in male
reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
161
vascular birthmark | port-wine stain
hemangioma | benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome
162
vomiting blood following GE lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome | alcoholic and bulimic patients
163
``` Weight loss diarrhea arthritis fever adenopathy ```
Whipple disease | Tropheryma whipplei
164
"worst headache of my life"
subarachnoid hemorrhage
165
inactivation of APC gene
FAP
166
inactivation of p53 | increased risk for brain tumors, sarcomas, leukemia, breast colon & ovarian carcinomas before age 50
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
167
somatic mutations of RB1
retinoblastoma
168
inability to repair DNA due to defect in endonuclease
xeroderma pigmentosum
169
number of cell divisions for clinically detectable tumor mass
30
170
cytokine implicated in RA
TNF

Step 1 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions