Neuro Flashcards
cells that line the ventricles & central canal of spinal cord, are ciliated and direct flow of CSF
ependymal cells
derived from neuroectoderm
embryonic derivation of peripheral nervous system structures: DRG, cranial nerves, melanocytes, chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla), C cells of thyroid, odontoblasts, pia & arachnoid
neural crest
Not CNS but PNS
midline sulcus of the pons contains what?
basilar artery
cranial nerves that exit the midbrain
CN III and IV
connects the two hemispheres of the brain
corpus callosum
comprise the striatum
caudate nucleus & putamen
bridge that connects them is the nucleus accumbens
responsible for the emotional significance of experiences
amygdala
Note: seizures involving the amygdala cause powerful emotions of fear and panic
surrounds the third ventricle
thalamus
connects the third and fourth ventricles
cerebral aqueduct
channel between the lateral ventricles and third ventricle
foramen of Munro (interventricular foramen)
produces CSF
choroid plexus
spatial awareness of surroundings, taste, somatosensation
parietal lobe
hearing, language comprehension (Wernicke’s area), object and face recognition
temporal lobe
vision, visual spacial awareness, color perception
occipital lobe
movement (primary motor), speech (Broca’s area), motor association cortex
frontal lobe
dominant hemisphere -> speech comprehension and production
left hemisphere
bilateral damage to the amygdala producing the inability to perceive situations as dangerous other features: -visual agnosia -place objects in mouth -increased sexual behavior -decreased facial expressions
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
long-term memory
hippocampus
caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus
basal ganglia
function: initiation and maintenance of actions
damage to basal ganglia results in movement disorders
suspicious for neural tube defects
elevated AFP in amniotic fluid and maternal serum
elevated AChE in amniotic fluid
failure of bony spinal canal to close
intact dura
tuft of hair or dimple
spina bifida occulta
meninges herniate through spinal canal defect
AFP normal
meningocele
meninges and spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect
meningomyelocele
no forebrain
open calvarium -> looks “frog-like”
elevated AFP
polyhydramnios
anencephaly
associated with maternal type 1 DM