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Step 1 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

site of fluid absorption and entrance for circulating lymphocytes to the node

A

high endothelial venules
endothelial cells have signals for antigen carrying cells:
• T cells remain in the deep cortex
• B cells migrate to the nodular cortex

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2
Q

embryologic derivation of the thymus

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

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3
Q

distinguishing feature of the thymic medulla

A

Hassall corpuscle
contains mature T cells
keratinized center

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4
Q

part of the spleen that filters blood and contains macrophages for removal of RBCs

A

red pulp

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5
Q

Within the spaces of the bone, medullary cavity of young long bones and spaces of spongy bone

A

red bone marrow

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6
Q

Bone marrow not active in blood cell formation contains adipose cells giving it the appearance of adipose tissue

A

yellow bone marrow

present in the medullary cavity in adults

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7
Q

mediated by molecules in the blood and mucosal secretions (antibodies) produced by B lymphocytes. Principal defense mechanism against extracellular microbes & their toxins

A

humoral immunity

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8
Q

Innate or adaptive?

lysozyme, complement, CRP, mucus, defensins

A

innate immunity

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9
Q

LPS, flagellin, ssRNA

A

PAMPs = pathogen-associated molecular patterns

recognized by TLRs

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10
Q

encoded for by the HLA genes

A

MHC

these present antigen to T cells and bind TCRs (CD3)

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11
Q

loci for MHC I
expressed on all nucleated cells
present endogenously synthesized antigens (from inside the cell -> so recognizes self)

A

HLA: A, B & C

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12
Q

loci for MHC II
Expressed ONLY on APCs
presents exogenously synthesized proteins (ex from bacteria & viral capsids)

A

HLA: DR, DP, DQ

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13
Q 
HLA subtype associated with PAIR diseases:(seronegative arthropathies)
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease arthritis
Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome)
A

B27

the B27 has a “pair” of engines on each wing

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14
Q

HLA subtype associated with hemochromatosis

A

A3

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15
Q

HLA subtypes associated with celiac disease

A

DQ2/DQ8

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16
Q 
HLA subtype associated with:
Multiple sclerosis
hay fever
SLE
Goodpasture
A

DR2

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17
Q

HLA subtype associated with:
type I DM
SLE
Graves disease

A

DR3

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18
Q

HLA subtype associated with:
DM type 1
Rheumatoid arthritis

A

DR4

a “rheum” has 4 walls”

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19
Q

HLA subtype associated with:
pernicious anemia
Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

DR5

20
Q

cell that responds to absence of MHC I

A

NK

use perforin & granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells

21
Q

T cell that directly kills virally-infected cells
Delayed type hypersensitivity (Type IV)
Acute & chronic organ rejection

A

CD8

22
Q

TCRs express high affinity for self antigens & undergo apoptosis

A

Negative selection -> occurs in the medulla of the thymus

Positive selection occurs in the cortex and is the survival of T cells that have TCRs that can bind self MHC

23
Q

signal 2 of T cell activation

A

dendritic B7 and naive T cell CD28

24
Q

helps deliver granule contents of CTL to target cell

A

perforin

25
Q

produces IL-10 and TGF-beta (anti-inflammatory cytokines)

A

T regs

26
Q

immunoglobulins that fix complement

A

IgG and IgM

27
Q

binds mast cells and basophils
cross-links when exposed to allergen & mediates type I hypersensitivity through release of histamine & other inflammatory mediators

A

IgE

28
Q

Acute phase reactants produced by the liver in both acute and chronic inflammatory states. Induced by IL-6, IL-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma

A 
serum amyloid A
CRP -> opsonin
ferritin
fibrinogen -> correlates with ESR
hepcidin -> prevents iron release from ferritin -> anemia of chronic disease
29
Q

complement pathway activated by microbe surface molecules

A

alternative pathway

30
Q

complement pathway mediated by IgG and IgM

A

classic pathway

“GM makes classic cars”

31
Q

complement proteins of anaphylaxis

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

32
Q

complement component for neutrophil chemotaxis

A

C5a

33
Q

complement opsonin

A

C3b

“C3b binds bacteria”

34
Q

MAC

A

C5b-9

35
Q

prevent complement activation on self cells

A

DAF (CD55) and C1 esterase inhibitor

36
Q

deficiency causes complement-mediated lysis of RBCs & paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

DAF

37
Q

deficiency causes hereditary angioedema

A

C1 esterase inhibitor

38
Q

increases susceptibility to recurrent Neisseria infections

A

C5-C9 deficiency

39
Q

increases susceptibility to recurrent pyogenic sinus and resp tract infections, as well as type III hypersensitivity

A

C3 deficiency

40
Q

activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells

A

IFN-gamma

41
Q 
enhances class switching to IgA
growth & differentiation of eosinophils
A

IL-5

42
Q

cytokine chemotactic for neutrophils

A

IL-8

43
Q

Which cells do not have MHC I?

A

Red blood cells. All others do

44
Q

MHC I molecule composition

A

Heavy chain & beta2 microglobulin

MHC I presents foreign antigen to cd8 T cells

45
Q

Enzyme specific to mast cell and is elevated in drug hypersensitivity

A

Tryptase

46
Q

Recurrent otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis and GI infections
Transfusion with blood products can cause fatal anaphylaxis

A

Selective IgA deficiency

Form IgG antibodies to IgA

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