Immunology

Question 1

site of fluid absorption and entrance for circulating lymphocytes to the node

Answer 1

high endothelial venules
endothelial cells have signals for antigen carrying cells:
• T cells remain in the deep cortex
• B cells migrate to the nodular cortex

Question 2

embryologic derivation of the thymus

Answer 2

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

Question 3

distinguishing feature of the thymic medulla

Answer 3

Hassall corpuscle
contains mature T cells
keratinized center

Question 4

part of the spleen that filters blood and contains macrophages for removal of RBCs

Answer 4

red pulp

Question 5

Within the spaces of the bone, medullary cavity of young long bones and spaces of spongy bone

Answer 5

red bone marrow

Question 6

Bone marrow not active in blood cell formation contains adipose cells giving it the appearance of adipose tissue

Answer 6

yellow bone marrow

present in the medullary cavity in adults

Question 7

mediated by molecules in the blood and mucosal secretions (antibodies) produced by B lymphocytes. Principal defense mechanism against extracellular microbes & their toxins

Answer 7

humoral immunity

Question 8

Innate or adaptive?

lysozyme, complement, CRP, mucus, defensins

Answer 8

innate immunity

Question 9

LPS, flagellin, ssRNA

Answer 9

PAMPs = pathogen-associated molecular patterns

recognized by TLRs

Question 10

encoded for by the HLA genes

Answer 10

MHC

these present antigen to T cells and bind TCRs (CD3)

Question 11

loci for MHC I
expressed on all nucleated cells
present endogenously synthesized antigens (from inside the cell -> so recognizes self)

Answer 11

HLA: A, B & C

Question 12

loci for MHC II
Expressed ONLY on APCs
presents exogenously synthesized proteins (ex from bacteria & viral capsids)

Answer 12

HLA: DR, DP, DQ

Question 13

HLA subtype associated with PAIR diseases:(seronegative arthropathies)
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease arthritis
Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome)

Answer 13

B27

the B27 has a “pair” of engines on each wing

Question 14

HLA subtype associated with hemochromatosis

Answer 14

A3

Question 15

HLA subtypes associated with celiac disease

Answer 15

DQ2/DQ8

Question 16

HLA subtype associated with:
Multiple sclerosis
hay fever
SLE
Goodpasture

Answer 16

DR2

Question 17

HLA subtype associated with:
type I DM
SLE
Graves disease

Answer 17

DR3

Question 18

HLA subtype associated with:
DM type 1
Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 18

DR4

a “rheum” has 4 walls”

Question 19

HLA subtype associated with:
pernicious anemia
Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 19

DR5

Question 20

cell that responds to absence of MHC I

Answer 20

NK

use perforin & granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells

Question 21

T cell that directly kills virally-infected cells
Delayed type hypersensitivity (Type IV)
Acute & chronic organ rejection

Answer 21

CD8

Question 22

TCRs express high affinity for self antigens & undergo apoptosis

Answer 22

Negative selection -> occurs in the medulla of the thymus

Positive selection occurs in the cortex and is the survival of T cells that have TCRs that can bind self MHC

Question 23

signal 2 of T cell activation

Answer 23

dendritic B7 and naive T cell CD28

Question 24

helps deliver granule contents of CTL to target cell

Answer 24

perforin

Question 25

produces IL-10 and TGF-beta (anti-inflammatory cytokines)

Answer 25

T regs

Question 26

immunoglobulins that fix complement

Answer 26

IgG and IgM

Question 27

binds mast cells and basophils cross-links when exposed to allergen & mediates type I hypersensitivity through release of histamine & other inflammatory mediators

Answer 27

IgE

Question 28

Acute phase reactants produced by the liver in both acute and chronic inflammatory states. Induced by IL-6, IL-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma

Answer 28

``` serum amyloid A CRP -> opsonin ferritin fibrinogen -> correlates with ESR hepcidin -> prevents iron release from ferritin -> anemia of chronic disease ```

Question 29

complement pathway activated by microbe surface molecules

Answer 29

alternative pathway

Question 30

complement pathway mediated by IgG and IgM

Answer 30

classic pathway | "GM makes classic cars"

Question 31

complement proteins of anaphylaxis

Answer 31

C3a, C4a, C5a

Question 32

complement component for neutrophil chemotaxis

Answer 32

C5a

Question 33

complement opsonin

Answer 33

C3b | "C3b binds bacteria"

Question 34

MAC

Answer 34

C5b-9

Question 35

prevent complement activation on self cells

Answer 35

DAF (CD55) and C1 esterase inhibitor

Question 36

deficiency causes complement-mediated lysis of RBCs & paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Answer 36

DAF

Question 37

deficiency causes hereditary angioedema

Answer 37

C1 esterase inhibitor

Question 38

increases susceptibility to recurrent Neisseria infections

Answer 38

C5-C9 deficiency

Question 39

increases susceptibility to recurrent pyogenic sinus and resp tract infections, as well as type III hypersensitivity

Answer 39

C3 deficiency

Question 40

activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells

Answer 40

IFN-gamma

Question 41

``` enhances class switching to IgA growth & differentiation of eosinophils ```

Answer 41

IL-5

Question 42

cytokine chemotactic for neutrophils

Answer 42

IL-8

Question 43

Which cells do not have MHC I?

Answer 43

Red blood cells. All others do

Question 44

MHC I molecule composition

Answer 44

Heavy chain & beta2 microglobulin | MHC I presents foreign antigen to cd8 T cells

Question 45

Enzyme specific to mast cell and is elevated in drug hypersensitivity

Answer 45

Tryptase

Question 46

Recurrent otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis and GI infections Transfusion with blood products can cause fatal anaphylaxis

Answer 46

Selective IgA deficiency | Form IgG antibodies to IgA