Randoms Flashcards
Pathopysiology of Nicotine
- Tissue destruction
- CO leads to cardiac events, has higher affinity for Hgb than O2
- Accelerates atherosclerosis
- increases thrombosis, cholesterol - cardia event
Leading cause of cancer and cardiovascular disease
Nicotine
High risk populations for smoking
Adolescents
People with LOW INCOME
Less education
Racial and ethnic minorities
Define withdrawal
development of physical or psychological symptoms after the reduction or cessation of intake of substance
Tolerance
is the need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve the same positive psychological effect
JAMA 5’As
Ask (do you wanna quit) Advise (you should quit) Assess (willingness to quit) Assist (develop plan) Arrange (for follow up)
Stage of Readiness to Quit
Pre contemplation Contemplation Planning stage Action stage Maintenance Relapse and recycle
What defines a substance use disorder?
2 of 11 criteria (large categories) Impaired control Social impairment Risky Use Pharmacologic Dependence
Parts of the brain regulating reward
(Mesolimbic system)
- ventral tegmental area
- Nucleus accumbens
- prefrontal cortex
Neurotransmitters involved in regulating reward
Dopamine (reward)
Norephinephrine (arousal)
Serotonin (mood)
Is drug abuse inheritable?
Yes!!! Attribute 40-60% on genetics
Anhedonia
absence of pleasure or ability to experience it
What is a blue zone?
are areas of the world where people live longer
Define population health
the health outcome of individuals including the distribution of such outcomes with in the group
What drives public health?
- A shift in ecology of disease
- Health care improved advances in medical research
- Health care’s economic costs grew at a rate consistently greater than inflation
What percent of chronic conditions account for all health care spending?
84%
Triple Aim
- lower cost
- increase patient satisfaction
- better health outcomes
Three most prevalent chronic health conditions?
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cancer
- Diabetes
Modifiable risk factors for heart disease?
Unhealthy diet
Physical inactivity
Tobacco use
Simple most important thing you can do to have a healthy heart?
do NOT smoke
How many american’s have 1 or more chronic condition?
50%
Most common chronic disease for all ages?
hypertension
Most common chronic diseases for children?
respiratory diseases and athesma
Chronic disease accounts for how much of all deaths in the US?
70%