Randoms

Question 1

Pathopysiology of Nicotine

Answer 1

• Tissue destruction
• CO leads to cardiac events, has higher affinity for Hgb than O2
• Accelerates atherosclerosis
• increases thrombosis, cholesterol - cardia event

Question 2

Leading cause of cancer and cardiovascular disease

Answer 2

Nicotine

Question 3

High risk populations for smoking

Answer 3

Adolescents
People with LOW INCOME
Less education
Racial and ethnic minorities

Question 4

Define withdrawal

Answer 4

development of physical or psychological symptoms after the reduction or cessation of intake of substance

Question 5

Tolerance

Answer 5

is the need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve the same positive psychological effect

Question 6

JAMA 5’As

Answer 6

Ask (do you wanna quit)
Advise (you should quit)
Assess (willingness to quit)
Assist (develop plan)
Arrange (for follow up)

Question 7

Stage of Readiness to Quit

Answer 7

Pre contemplation
Contemplation
Planning stage
Action stage
Maintenance
Relapse and recycle

Question 8

What defines a substance use disorder?

Answer 8

2 of 11 criteria
(large categories)
Impaired control
Social impairment
Risky Use
Pharmacologic Dependence

Question 9

Parts of the brain regulating reward

Answer 9

(Mesolimbic system)

• ventral tegmental area
• Nucleus accumbens
• prefrontal cortex

Question 10

Neurotransmitters involved in regulating reward

Answer 10

Dopamine (reward)
Norephinephrine (arousal)
Serotonin (mood)

Question 11

Is drug abuse inheritable?

Answer 11

Yes!!! Attribute 40-60% on genetics

Question 12

Anhedonia

Answer 12

absence of pleasure or ability to experience it

Question 13

What is a blue zone?

Answer 13

are areas of the world where people live longer

Question 14

Define population health

Answer 14

the health outcome of individuals including the distribution of such outcomes with in the group

Question 15

What drives public health?

Answer 15

1. A shift in ecology of disease
2. Health care improved advances in medical research
3. Health care’s economic costs grew at a rate consistently greater than inflation

Question 16

What percent of chronic conditions account for all health care spending?

Answer 16

84%

Question 17

Triple Aim

Answer 17

• lower cost
• increase patient satisfaction
• better health outcomes

Question 18

Three most prevalent chronic health conditions?

Answer 18

• Cardiovascular disease
• Cancer
• Diabetes

Question 19

Modifiable risk factors for heart disease?

Answer 19

Unhealthy diet
Physical inactivity
Tobacco use

Question 20

Simple most important thing you can do to have a healthy heart?

Answer 20

do NOT smoke

Question 21

How many american’s have 1 or more chronic condition?

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

Most common chronic disease for all ages?

Answer 22

hypertension

Question 23

Most common chronic diseases for children?

Answer 23

respiratory diseases and athesma

Question 24

Chronic disease accounts for how much of all deaths in the US?

Answer 24

70%

Question 25

Health promotion Primary Prevention Secondary Tertiary

Answer 25

Health promotion: entire population, prevent risk factors Primary: one or more risk factors, prevent development of disease Secondary: Limited disease, prevent disease progression Tertiary: Symptomatic or advanced disease, reduce complications or disability

Question 26

Define Obseity, Overweight

Answer 26

Body mass index of 30 or higher, overweight- BMI 25-29.9

Question 27

Obesity Prevention

Answer 27

- A primary emphasis in public health and primary care - Role of physician in the community - Portions - Activity

Question 28

Average life expectancy in US?

Answer 28

77

Question 29

What are the 3 pathways in childhood that relate to chronic health conditions as adults?

Answer 29

1. Fetal origins 2. Early childhood enviornent 3. Adverse childhood experiences "ACEs"

Question 30

What are the fetal origins/ contributors to adulthood diabetes?

Answer 30

Maternal obesity during pregnancy | Rapid weight gain in first 3 months

Question 31

What is the difference between positive, tolerable, and toxic stress in childhood (early childhood environment)?

Answer 31

Positive- normal/necessary part of health development (first day new caregiver, immunizations) Tolerable- more severe, longer lasting stressor (loss of loved one, natural disaster, injuring) - if buffered by adult can recover Toxic- strong, frequent prolonged adversity (abuse, neglect, poverty)

Question 32

What is the leading determinant of the health and social well-being of our nation?

Answer 32

ACEs

Question 33

What ACE score gives the majority of adults multiple risk factors for disease/ or already have disease?

Answer 33

4 or more

Question 34

Define health disparity

Answer 34

Difference in health outcomes between groups that are a result of social inqeualities

Question 35

Two main ACEs for indigenous people?

Answer 35

1. Health and wealth gap | 2. Historical trauma and loss

Question 36

Differences between health parity, equality, and equity

Answer 36

Parity- healthcare is at same level Equality- same health status, access to all health service Equity- promote social justice in health status by meeting community needs

Question 37

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 37

conditions in which people are born, develop, live, work, age, include health system