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Biobehavioral > Randoms > Flashcards

Randoms Flashcards

1
Q

Pathopysiology of Nicotine

A
  • Tissue destruction
  • CO leads to cardiac events, has higher affinity for Hgb than O2
  • Accelerates atherosclerosis
  • increases thrombosis, cholesterol - cardia event
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2
Q

Leading cause of cancer and cardiovascular disease

A

Nicotine

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3
Q

High risk populations for smoking

A

Adolescents
People with LOW INCOME
Less education
Racial and ethnic minorities

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4
Q

Define withdrawal

A

development of physical or psychological symptoms after the reduction or cessation of intake of substance

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5
Q

Tolerance

A

is the need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve the same positive psychological effect

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6
Q

JAMA 5’As

A 
Ask (do you wanna quit)
Advise (you should quit)
Assess (willingness to quit)
Assist (develop plan)
Arrange (for follow up)
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7
Q

Stage of Readiness to Quit

A 
Pre contemplation
Contemplation
Planning stage
Action stage
Maintenance
Relapse and recycle
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8
Q

What defines a substance use disorder?

A 
2 of 11 criteria
(large categories)
Impaired control
Social impairment
Risky Use
Pharmacologic Dependence
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9
Q

Parts of the brain regulating reward

A

(Mesolimbic system)

  • ventral tegmental area
  • Nucleus accumbens
  • prefrontal cortex
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10
Q

Neurotransmitters involved in regulating reward

A

Dopamine (reward)
Norephinephrine (arousal)
Serotonin (mood)

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11
Q

Is drug abuse inheritable?

A

Yes!!! Attribute 40-60% on genetics

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12
Q

Anhedonia

A

absence of pleasure or ability to experience it

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13
Q

What is a blue zone?

A

are areas of the world where people live longer

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14
Q

Define population health

A

the health outcome of individuals including the distribution of such outcomes with in the group

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15
Q

What drives public health?

A
  1. A shift in ecology of disease
  2. Health care improved advances in medical research
  3. Health care’s economic costs grew at a rate consistently greater than inflation
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16
Q

What percent of chronic conditions account for all health care spending?

A

84%

17
Q

Triple Aim

A
  • lower cost
  • increase patient satisfaction
  • better health outcomes
18
Q

Three most prevalent chronic health conditions?

A
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
19
Q

Modifiable risk factors for heart disease?

A

Unhealthy diet
Physical inactivity
Tobacco use

20
Q

Simple most important thing you can do to have a healthy heart?

A

do NOT smoke

21
Q

How many american’s have 1 or more chronic condition?

A

50%

22
Q

Most common chronic disease for all ages?

A

hypertension

23
Q

Most common chronic diseases for children?

A

respiratory diseases and athesma

24
Q

Chronic disease accounts for how much of all deaths in the US?

A

70%

25
Q

Health promotion
Primary Prevention
Secondary
Tertiary

A

Health promotion: entire population, prevent risk factors
Primary: one or more risk factors, prevent development of disease
Secondary: Limited disease, prevent disease progression
Tertiary: Symptomatic or advanced disease, reduce complications or disability

26
Q

Define Obseity, Overweight

A

Body mass index of 30 or higher, overweight- BMI 25-29.9

27
Q

Obesity Prevention

A
  • A primary emphasis in public health and primary care
  • Role of physician in the community
  • Portions
  • Activity
28
Q

Average life expectancy in US?

A

77

29
Q

What are the 3 pathways in childhood that relate to chronic health conditions as adults?

A
  1. Fetal origins
  2. Early childhood enviornent
  3. Adverse childhood experiences “ACEs”
30
Q

What are the fetal origins/ contributors to adulthood diabetes?

A

Maternal obesity during pregnancy

Rapid weight gain in first 3 months

31
Q

What is the difference between positive, tolerable, and toxic stress in childhood (early childhood environment)?

A

Positive- normal/necessary part of health development (first day new caregiver, immunizations)

Tolerable- more severe, longer lasting stressor (loss of loved one, natural disaster, injuring) - if buffered by adult can recover

Toxic- strong, frequent prolonged adversity (abuse, neglect, poverty)

32
Q

What is the leading determinant of the health and social well-being of our nation?

A

ACEs

33
Q

What ACE score gives the majority of adults multiple risk factors for disease/ or already have disease?

A

4 or more

34
Q

Define health disparity

A

Difference in health outcomes between groups that are a result of social inqeualities

35
Q

Two main ACEs for indigenous people?

A
  1. Health and wealth gap

2. Historical trauma and loss

36
Q

Differences between health parity, equality, and equity

A

Parity- healthcare is at same level

Equality- same health status, access to all health service

Equity- promote social justice in health status by meeting community needs

37
Q

What are social determinants of health?

A

conditions in which people are born, develop, live, work, age, include health system

Biobehavioral (23 decks)

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